ABSTRACT
Objective: To find the association between breast milk feeding with retinopathy of prematurity [ROP] in preterm infants
Methods: This was a cross sectional study to examine the effects of breast milk feeding on ROP. Premature newborns below 34 weeks from neonatal unit retinopathy of prematurity program during the years 2015 to 2017 of The Lahore General Hospital were included. We recorded the gestational age, birth weight, presence of ROP and the type of feeding [breastfeeding vs. formula milk]
Results: Out of 428 preterm babies 210 [49%] were males. More babies were between 32-34 weeks of gestation 229 [53.5%] as compared to < 32 weeks 199 [46.5%]. Among all 428 preterm infants 19[4.4%] developed ROP. Majority 13 [68.4%] who developed ROP were <32 weeks of gestation [p=0.042]. The mean birth weight of infants without ROP was 1.51 +/- 0.36 kg [95%CI; 1.47-1.55], while it was 1.36 +/- 0.29 kg [95%CI; 1.22-1.50] with ROP and all who developed ROP were < 2kg. The estimated odds ratio of developing ROP for breast fed versus top feeding was [ORs: 0.571, 95% CI; 0.222- 1.489]. There was a trend toward lower incidence of ROP in the group of newborns who received breast-feeding [36.8%] as compared to top feeding [63.2%] but almost similar percentage who didn't develop ROP were breast fed or top fed with statistically insignificant results [p= 0.24]
Conclusions: Slightly lesser percentage of preterm babies who were breast fed developed retinopathy of prematurity
ABSTRACT
Background: Diastolic dysfunction [DD] is difficult to diagnose and characterize despite many techniques. It is known that left atrial diameter [LAD] increases and left ventricular internal end diastolic diameter [LVIDD] remains the same in moderate to severe diastolic dysfunction [grade II and above] but a ratio between these two [LAD/LVIDD] has never been used to assess diastolic dysfunction. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the ratio, left atrial diameter/ left ventricular internal end diastolic diameter [LAD/LVIDD] and diastolic dysfunction [grade II and above]. This study also aims to give a statistical model based upon this relationship that is able to help in diagnosing diastolic dysfunction
Methods: This case control analytical study was carried out at the Department of Cardiology, Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi, from Jan 2014 to Jan 2016. On the basis of echocardiographic findings, 226 patients were identified as normal healthy control group whereas 226 patients were identified as having diastolic dysfunction of grade II and above and were categorised as disease group. Doppler diastolic function parameters were used to assess diastolic function in all of these 452 patients. Appropriate statistical methods were then applied on the data by using IBM statistical package for social sciences [SPSS]
Results: LAD/LVIDD was correlated to diastolic dysfunction at r=0.858 [p<0.01]. A binary logistic regression model using age, sex and LAD/LVIDD gave an accuracy of 96.9% in diagnosing diastolic dysfunction. LAD/LVIDD in the model had an odds ratio of 2.678?1024. A Receiver Operation Characteristic curve between diastolic dysfunction and LAD/LVIDD yielded a specificity of 93.8% and sensitivity of 99.1% at the cut-off value of 0.7268
Conclusion: A new parameter, left atrial diameter [LAD] to left ventricular internal end diastolic diameter [LVIDD] ratio [LAD/LVIDD], is significantly correlated to diastolic dysfunction [grade II and above]. It is also a significant predictor for diastolic dysfunction
ABSTRACT
Background and Aim: Early morning matches increase susceptibility to infection and inflammation in the athletes. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of two weeks synchronized and non-synchronized training with testing on the serum levels of IL-17 and cortisol and strength performance in male athletes
Material and Methods: We selected 14 male athletes randomly, and divided them into two similar groups. The morning group [7 =n, body weight =8/66 +/- 68/85kg, age =1/73 +/- 21 years, and training time: 9 AM] and evening group [7=n, body weight= 9/44 +/- 69/42 kg, age =2/13 +/- 19/71 years of age and training time: 18 PM]. The training continued for two weeks [6 sessions in each week] according to a strength training program. To measure serum cortisol and IL-17 level, blood samples were taken three times, 24 h before the first training session as baseline, immediately after the tests at 9 am; and 48 h after the last training session. For the measurement of dependent variables, the participants consumed their breakfast 2 hours before the test. Data were analyzed using repeated measures, independent T-test, paired T-test and Analysis of Covariance [ANCOVA]
Results: The results showed that two weeks of adaptation [two weeks synchronization and non-synchronization of training with testing] resulted in a significant increase in the muscle strength [bench press performance] in the morning group [P <0.05], but in other strength movements, despite a significant increase in the maximal strength in all movements within each group, no significant changes were observed in the test of strength between the two groups [P> 0.05]. Also, there were no significant differences between the two groups in regard to the serum levels of cortisol and IL-17 before and after the test [P>0.05]
Conclusion: It seems that two weeks synchronization or non-synchronization of training with testing had no significant effect on the levels of inflammatory markers but led to improved muscle strength [bench press] in male athletes
ABSTRACT
This study was conducted to determine the pattern of cutaneous malignancies among patients attending the skin out-patient department Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar. This was descriptive analysis of skin cancers carried from January 2011 to December 2011. Histologically diagnosed skin cancers were reviewed and analyzed according to age, gender, site of distribution and histological types. Hundred histologically diagnosed skin malignancies were reported during the period under review. Sixty cases [60%] were males and 40 cases [40%] females with a male to female ratio of 1.5:1. Age ranged from 22 years to 86 years. Mean age was 57.05 +/- 11.39 SD. Mean duration of disease in months were 16.78 +/- 9.07SD. Basal cell carcinoma [BCC] was the most common malignancy consisting of 32[32%] cases followed by Squamous cell carcinoma [SCC 18%] with 10 [10%] cases of melanoma and 9[9%] cases of Mycosis Fungoides. Actinic Keratosis, Kaposi's sarcoma, Bowen's disease, Dermatofibroma, Atypical fibroxanthoma constituted the remaining. The most common skin malignancy was BCC followed by SCC and melanoma. Larger studies should be conducted to ascertain the actual prevalence of skin tumors
ABSTRACT
The aim of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of fine needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of breast lumps. All patients who underwent FNA breast lumps at Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar during 2006 to 2008 were included in this descriptive crosssectional study. The FNA procedure was performed and interpreted by experienced cyto-pathologists. FNAC of 102 breast lumps were analysed. The age range of the patients was 15-80 years [mean 38.11 years]. Inadequate cases were 2.94%, malignant 30.39%, atypical/suspicious of malignancy 6.86%, and benign 59.80%. Malignant lesions predominated in the 5[th] and 6[th] and benign in the 3[rd] and 4[th] decades of life. FNAC of breast is simple, cost-effective and less traumatic method for diagnosis of breast lumps. Combined with physical examination and imaging studies, it is a highly sensitive diagnostic tool and can reduce the need for open biopsy
ABSTRACT
Acanthosis nigricans [AN] is characterized by velvety, hyperpigmented, verrucous, symmetric and occasionally pruritic plaques along with papillomatous lesions which have a special predilection for neck, axillae, groin, umbilicus and mucosal regions. Rarely, it presents as a paraneoplastic syndrome and prompts a thorough search for an internal malignancy. We present here a case of malignant acanthosis nigricans seen in an elderly patient who was found to have underlying adenocarcinoma of the lower end of esophagus. After diagnosing associated malignancy, he was referred for further evaluation and subsequent surgical resection of tumour
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Paraneoplastic Syndromes , Early Detection of Cancer , Adenocarcinoma/diagnosis , Esophageal NeoplasmsABSTRACT
A rare case of obstructive Jaundice in a 35 yrs old male from Afghanistan is presented with recurring attacks of upper abdominal pain and jaundice. Ultrasound examination revealed multiple gallstones with' dilated common bile duct. During exploration of common bile duct, five leaf like liver flukes [Fasciola Hepatica] were recovered and identified. Patient was treated with Albendazole and had an uneventful recovery. Biliary fascioliasis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of obstructive jaundice