ABSTRACT
Introduction: Indirect bonding has been in orthodonticsfor a long time. It has been recognized that accuratebracket positioning is of clinical importance for efficientapplication of biomechanics. Previosly so many methodshave been used for checking accuracy which is verytechnique sensitive, require special equipments, difficultto fabricate and cost effective. Here, to make it moresimplified, photographic method is used for accuracymeasurement. The aim of this study was to compare theaccuracy, and time consuming between direct and indirectbonding by photographic method.Material and methods: Study was performed on 5 patientswith split mouth technique in upper arch where bracketswere bonded on one quadrant of orthodontic modelsfor Indirect bonding one set as predetermined “ideal”bonding. A transfer tray was prepared using biostar sheetand glue gun, then tray is placed into patients mouth andother half quadrant was directly bonded to patients teeth.The accuracy was checked using photographic method inthree parameters Bracket height, Mesiodistal position andAngulation. Time taken for bonding direct and indirectprocedures were calculated.Results Unpaired t test was done which showed statisticalsignificant difference in bracket height and angulation andinsignificant for mesiodistal position. Proving indirectbonding is more accurate and less time consuming than thedirect bonding of braces.Conclusion: There is difference between mean bracketplacement errors for direct and indirect methods, the rangeof errors in the three directions assessed and time takenwere greater for direct than indirect bracket placement.The magnitudes of the findings are of clinically relevantand this method is clinically feasible and cost ineffective.
ABSTRACT
Background: The external opening of the nutrient canal, usually referred to as the nutrient foramen has a particular position in each bone. An understanding of the position and number of the nutrient foramina in fibula is important, as this is one of the most common bones used in bone grafts, vascularized bone microsurgery and mandibular reconstruction. Nowadays fibula flap is the most accepted flaps used in the mandibular reconstruction especially in the malignancy of oral and oropharyngeal regions. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted in 160 dry human fibula obtained from department of Anatomy, N.S.C.B. Medical college Jabalpur {M.P.}. We have measured the different parameters in each bone according to standard method. Result: In our study we found that 95% bones possess single dominant nutrient foramina. According to Foraminal Index (FI), the position of most of foramina [97%] was fall in Type 2 (middle third of the fibula). The mean foraminal index (FI) was 39.66±5.29. The average total length (TL) of fibula was 35.80±2.53. Conclusion: To conclude that our study provides detailed data about the position and number of nutrient foramina of fibula that is considered as a determining factor for the success of new techniques for bone transplant and resection in orthopaedics.