ABSTRACT
Background: Needle stick injuries (NSIs) are a hazard for people who work with hypodermic syringes and other needle equipment. These injuries can occur at any time when people use, disassemble, or dispose of needles. Needle Stick and Sharps Injuries (NSSIs) are one of the major risk factors for blood-borne infections. The aim and objectives of the study were to assess the knowledge, attitude, practice and prevalence of NSIs among nurses in a private tertiary care hospital of district Bareilly; to recommended the preventive measure to control the injuries.Methods: A survey has been conducted in August 2013 to February 2014 among the nurses. This is a cross-sectional study. A purposive sampling was done aimed at covering at least 50 trained nurses and 50 nursing students working in a private tertiary care hospital Bareilly.Results: The prevalence of needle stick injuries per year equals 69.0%. Self inflicted were most common among nurses working in the wards. Instruments contaminated with infectious material accounted for the injuries in the study group of nurses.Conclusions: NSSIs are highly prevalent among nurses, and prevention is the most effective way to protect nurses from infectious diseases. The most common cause of injuries from needles was an improper handling of syringes and needles after injections.
ABSTRACT
Osteoporosis is a condition of low bone mass which predisposes to fractures. This silently progressive metabolic bone disease is widely prevalent in India in both sexes and occurs at younger age than in western population. Rapid bone loss occurs in postmenopausal women due to hormonal factors. Indians have low bone density compared to Caucasians. High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is a major factor for poor bone health in India. The bone health of population can be improved by encouraging children to drink milk and take enough exercise. Results of randomised trials have revolutionised treatments and several effective therapeutic drugs are available. Despite new treatments many patients with fractures still do not receive appropriate management. Early detection and management of this condition can avoid the risk of fractures and associated morbidity and mortality
ABSTRACT
Background: Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is recognized as a major cause of blindness among children in India. Aims & Objective: The study was planned to find out prevalence Of VAD in rural children. Material and Methods: This cross sectional study was undertaken amongst children (0-15 years) in a rural area selected by simple random sampling out of villages under a Primary Health Centre. Out of 844 children 802 participated in study. WHO classification of xerophthalmia was adopted in study to find out prevalence. Results: Overall prevalence of xerophthalmia was 5.4 %. Only the milder manifestations of xerophthalmia viz. night blindness and Bitot’s spots were observed. Not a single case of active corneal involvement was seen. Prevalence of Bitot’s spots was 0.9 % in children under 6 years of age and 3.3 % in children above 6 years of age. Prevalence of xerophthalmia was significantly more in older children. Higher prevalence (Not significant) was observed in males, lower socioeconomic status as well as in large family. Overall prevalence of anaemia was found 11.8 % in study population. Significantly high prevalence of xerophthalmia (Odds ratio 5.7) was observed in children suffering from anaemia. Conclusion: Presence of milder manifestation of xerophthalmia and 0.9 % prevalence of Bitot’s spots in children under 6 years of age in present study shows declining trend of VAD (but still a public health problem since prevalence is more than 0.5 %) and 3.3 % prevalence in children above 6 years of age shows that apart from strengthening of Vitamin A prophylaxis programme to increase coverage, health education is needed for dietary diversification to include vegetables and fruits in the diet for long-term sustainability in improving vitamin A status of children of all age
ABSTRACT
Background: Laparoscopic Assisted Vaginal Hysterectomy (LAVH) has become increasingly popular as a definite alternative to abdominal hysterectomy. Objective: To compare operative outcomes of laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH) and total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH). Study design: Retrospective case control study. Materials and Methods: Data from medical records of 29 cases and 29 controls were reviewed and recorded. Study design: Retrospective case control study. Setting: A tertiary care hospital at Bareilly (UP). Subjects: Twenty nine patients who underwent LAVH between 01 October 2010 and 30 September 2011 were recruited as cases and controls were 29 patients, who underwent TAH during the same period. Inclusion criteria were that patients be matched in a case control manner for age, weight, diagnosis, and uterine size. Results: Basic characteristics such as age, parity, weight and uterine size of cases and controls were comparable. Mean operative time was 139±11 minutes for LAVH group which was significantly longer than 99±9 minutes for TAH group. Mean blood loss during surgery in LAVH group of patients was 250ml and it was 275 in abdominal hysterectomy patients, however observed differences were not significant. Mean Hb drop after 24 Hrs of surgery was 1.4g/dl in LAVH group and it was 1.6g/dl in TAH group and differences was not significant. Number of doses of injectable analgesics used per patients was significantly more in TAH group (2.3) in comparison to LAVH (1.2). Overall complication was 14% in LAVH and 10% in TAH and differences were not significant. The mean hospitalization was significantly shorter for LAVH group 2.7 days compared to 5.5 days in TAH group. Conclusion: LAVH had longer operative time but with shorter hospital stay in comparison with TAH.
ABSTRACT
Background: The complaint of vaginal discharge is very common, particularly in south East Asia. An accurate diagnosis is recommended, based on knowledge of the epidemiology of lower genital tract infections, consistent application of laboratory tests and, where needed, microbiological. Objective: To find out socio-demographic variables associated with the complaint of vaginal discharge, to study the microbiological profile of women presenting with complain of vaginal discharge and characteristic of discharge. Materials and Methods: The present cross sectional study was conducted in one of the tertiary care hospital of Bareilly district. The respondent were the female in reproductive age group (15- 49yrs) attending Obstetrics & Gynaecology OPD with history of vaginal discharge. Vaginal swabs were collected from women with history of discharge and sent to microbiology department in Amie’s medium. Analysis of Variance test was applied as a test of significance. Results: A total of 270 women with vaginal discharge were studied. Bacterial vaginosis was the commonest disorder seen (36.68%). Effect of age on Candida infection, literacy status on Candida, Bacterial vaginosis and Pseudomonas infection and marital status on Klebsiella infection was found to be statistically significant. Vaginal discharge was found to be excessive (87.8%), continuous (64.8%) and foul smelling (60.4%) in majority of women. Consistency of discharge was told to be Curdy (44.4%), Mucopurulent (22.2%) and thin (33.3%). Conclusion: There is need for creating community awareness about health care facilities and instills self concern in women for their own health needs.