ABSTRACT
Our country, like the rest of the world, have been facing for a little more than three months, a pandemia caused by a new virus called "SARS-CoV-2", which spread started in Wuhan, China. As this virus has crossed all geographic boundaries, so has done with those related to human wellbeing. We have faced social, economic, epidemiologic, organizational, biologic and clinic challenges. The COVID-19, which is the name the World Health Organization (WHO) gave to the disease caused by this virus, uses to show clinical manifestations similar to those caused by a common flu in the vast majority of cases. Although there is a low percentage of patients who developed a severe clinical profile, that makes necessary an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission. This virus has the particular feature of being highly transmissible from one person to another by direct contact, droplets and aerosols generation. This has led the number of infected all around the world to grow in an exponential manner, which remains a real hazard for the available resources needed for personal and community protection. The natural questions that arise from this landscape are: what must be done if a COVID+ or suspected, presents a cardiac arrest (CA) and need cardiopulmonary reanimation (CPR)? Should RCP be started considering the patient prognosis and the resources shortage? It seems worthy to take the risk of becoming infected? Am I really at risk of becoming infected if I participate in performing the CPR maneuvers? Do I have to perform the RCP maneuvers following (ILCOR) guides that I already know or there are some differences? And what I am supposed to do if the CA occurs while the patient is in the prone position? This revision tries to find some of the answers for those questions, based on current publications and published recommendations so far. Certainly, those are scarce in this field and are subject to changes, at least for some months, while the scientific and medical community achieve the consolidated knowledge about the global clinic behavior of this new disease, COVID-19.
Nuestro país y el mundo lleva poco más de tres meses enfrentando una pandemia causada por un nuevo virus, el llamado SARS-CoV-2, cuya propagación se inició en Wuhan, China. Este virus ha atravesado todas las fronteras geográficas, así como las de aquellas áreas que componen el bienestar del ser humano. Nos hemos visto enfrentados a desafíos sociales, económicos, epidemiológicos, organizacionales, biológicos y clínicos. La enfermedad causada por este virus, llamada por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) COVID-19, se caracteriza fundamentalmente por presentarse como un cuadro clínico parecido a la influenza en la gran mayoría de los casos, sin embargo, existe un porcentaje de ellos que cursa de manera grave, requiriendo cuidados críticos. Tiene, además, la particularidad de ser altamente transmisible entre las personas a través del contacto directo, generación de gotitas y aerosoles principalmente, lo cual ha llevado a un aumento exponencial del número de contagiados en el mundo, poniendo en jaque la capacidad de contar con el recurso necesario suficiente para la protección personal y de la comunidad. Surge naturalmente la interrogante: ¿Qué hacemos si un paciente COVID-19 + o sospechoso presenta un paro cardiorrespiratorio (PCR) y hay que iniciar maniobras de reanimación cardiopulmonar (RCP)? ¿Debemos reanimarlo considerando su pronóstico y la escasez de recursos? ¿Qué probabilidades tengo de contagiarme si participo de las maniobras? ¿Es "costo/efectivo" arriesgarme al contagio? ¿Debo realizar la RCP de acuerdo a los estándares (ILCOR) hasta aquí conocidos o debo considerar modificaciones en el algoritmo? ¿Qué consideraciones debo tener si el PCR se presenta mientras el paciente está en prono? Esta revisión busca responder en parte algunas de estas inquietudes, basándose en la literatura y recomendaciones que hasta ahora se han comunicado. Ciertamente, esta es escasa y está sujeta a sufrir progresivos y permanentes cambios, al menos por un tiempo, mientras logramos consolidar el conocimiento del comportamiento clínico global del COVID-19.
Subject(s)
Humans , Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation/methods , COVID-19/complications , Heart Arrest/therapy , Risk , Prone Position , COVID-19/prevention & controlABSTRACT
Background: Perioperative cardiac arrest (PCA) is a rare but important event in the operating room. Aim: To describe PCA events at a Clinical Hospital in Santiago, Chile. Material and Methods: Registry of PCA that occurred in the operating room (OR) and during procedures not carried out in the OR between September 2006 and November 2017. Precipitating events, type of anesthesia and results of resuscitation maneuvers were described. Results: Eighty events (five outside of the OR) during 170,431 surgical procedures were recorded, resulting in an incidence of 4.4 events per 10,000 interventions. Hypotension/hypoperfusion was the most frequently found preexisting condition (42.5%). The main cause was the presence of preoperative complications (57.5%). Nineteen cases (23.8%) were attributable to anesthesia, with an incidence of 1.11 per 10,000 anesthetic procedures. Survival rate at hospital discharge was 52.5%. The figure for PCA caused by anesthesia was 84.2%. Conclusions: The incidence of PCA and its survival is similar to that reported abroad. In general, PCA has a better prognosis than other types of cardiac arrest, especially if it has an anesthetic cause.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Heart Arrest/epidemiology , Hospitals, University/statistics & numerical data , Intraoperative Complications/epidemiology , Time Factors , Chile/epidemiology , Incidence , Survival Rate , Risk Factors , Hospital Mortality , Heart Arrest/etiology , Intraoperative Complications/etiology , Anesthesia/adverse effects , Anesthesia/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
Anesthesiology and surgical technics have shown great development over the last decades. This caused several changes in anesthesiology practice, one of them is the growing need for anesthesia out of the operating room. Till now, we are facing this issue in the same way that we used to do in the operating room. Nevertheless, it is time to think about anesthesia in remote locations as a different entity, which has to be faced in a specific form, being able to describe it and to achieve the best results in a cost-effective approach.
La anestesiología y las técnicas quirúrgicas han mostrado un gran desarrollo en las últimas décadas. Esto ha causado varios cambios en la práctica de anestesiología, uno de ellos es la creciente necesidad de anestesia fuera del quirófano. Hasta ahora, estamos en-frentando este problema de la misma manera que solíamos hacerlo en la sala de operaciones. Sin embargo, es hora de pensar en la anestesia en lugares remotos como una entidad diferente, que debe afrontarse de forma específica, poder describirla y lograr los mejores resultados en un enfoque rentable.