Metabolite profiling and antidiabetic attributes of ultrasonicated leaf extracts of Conocarpus lancifolius

Objective: To profile the secondary metabolites and to evaluate the antidiabetic potential of hydroethanolic leaf extracts of Conocarpus lancifolius. Methods: The various hydroethanolic extracts of Conocarpus lancifolius leaf were prepared by ultrasonication assisted freeze-drying. Total phenolic contents, flavonoid contents, antioxidant activity, α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitions of leaf extracts were determined. The metabolite profiling was accomplished by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS analysis. The antidiabetic assessment of the most potent extract was carried out by measuring the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effect in the high fat diet-fed diabetic albino mice. The blood glucose level, haemoglobin, total cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) were determined. Results: The 60% ethanolic extract exhibited the highest phenolic and flavonoid contents of (349.39 ± 2.13) mg GAE/g dry extract and (116.95 ± 2.34) mg RE/g dry extracts, respectively, and the highest DPPH scavenging activity with an IC50 value of (32.87 ± 1.11) μg/mL. The IC50 values for α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitions were (38.64 ± 0.93) μg/mL and (44.80 ± 1.57) μg/mL, respectively. UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS analysis confirmed the presence of gallic acid, ellagic acid, corilagin, kaempherol-3-O-rutinoside, caffeic acid derivative, isorhamnetin and galloyl derivatives in the 60% ethanolic extract. Plant extract at a dose of 450 mg/kg body weight reduced blood glucose level, total cholesterol, LDL and HDL, and increased haemoglobin in alloxan-induced diabetic mice, Conclusions: Conocarpus lancifolius leaves are proved as a good source of biologically functional metabolites and possess antidiabetic activity which may be further explored to treat diabetes.

Antihyperglycemic effect of Conocarpus erectus leaf extract in alloxaninduced diabetic mice

Synthetic drugs have widely been helpful in management of diabetes mellitus type 2. However, side effects associated with synthetic drugs serve as an impetus to explore plants as alternate mode of treatment. The hydroethanolic leaf extracts of Conocarpus erectus were evaluated for phenolic contents, flavonoid distribution, antioxidant activity and antidiabetic potential. The maximum extract yield, total phenolic and flavonoid contents were exposed by 60% ethanolic extract. The Antioxidant and anti alpha-glucosidase tendency of 60% ethanolic extract was the most promising and complemented by in-vivo antihyperglycemic impact on mice. The findings were substantial regarding suppression of blood glucose levels in alloxan induced diabetic mice establishing the Conocarpus erectus as proficient pool of nutraceuticals for diabetes mellitus type 2 management

Antioxidant activity, Hypoglycemic potential and metabolite profiling of Hyophorbe indica leaf extract

Current work was performed to evaluate antioxidant activity, ?-glucosidase inhibition, phytochemical profiling and in vivo hypoglycemic activity of freeze dried, ultrasonicated Hyophorbe indica leaf extracts. The highest total phenolic contents of 208.77 +/- 2.11 mg GAE/g DE and total flavonoid contents of 173.90 +/- 2.30 mg Rutin/g DE were obtained in 60% ethanol extract. The 60% ethanol extract exhibited maximum DPPH radical scavenging with IC50 value of 35.35 +/- 0.189microg/mL and total antioxidant power of 330.26 +/- 3.13 [ASE/g PE], respectively. The highest ?-glucosidase inhibition [IC50 36.52 +/- 0.08?g/mL] was also observed for 60% ethanol extract. The 60% ethanol extract at dose of 450 mg/kg body weight reduced blood glucose level of alloxan induced diabetic mice by 51.41% which was quite comparable with metformin [56.67%]. Twelve compounds namely citric acid, procyanidin B3, epicatechin, procyanidin B2, catechin, catechin derivative, procyanidin B1, apigenin-c-hexocide-c-hexocide, kaempferol, kaempferol derivative, quinic acid derivative and gallic acid have been identified by using UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS in 60% ethanol extract

Chromatographic resolution of drug analogues: 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarylcoenzyme A reductase inhibitors [statins]

A high performance liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination both qualitative and quantitative of cholesterol lowering statin drugs in pharmaceutical formulations has been developed. The most important advantage of developed method is that all seven statin drugs can be determined on a single chromatographic system without modification in detection wavelength. An organic modifier addition [25% v/v methanol] in the presence of buffer [20mM ammonium acetate; pH 4.0 adjusted with dilute acetic acid] played a key role in the resolution of statin drugs in gradient elution with acetonitrile. The drugs were separated on a Purospher Star 4.6mm x 25cm, Sum, Qg column maintained at 25°C with ImLmin"1 flow rate using ultra violet detection at 240nm. Good separation [Rs > 2.5] was achieved in a short analysis allowing simultaneous determination of all seven statins. The effect of variation in flow rate, detection wavelength and column oven temperature was also studied. The proposed method was statistically validated in terms of precision, accuracy, linearity, specificity and robustness. The newly developed method proved to be specific, robust and accurate for the quantification of seven statins in commercial pharmaceutical formulations

Fall of platelet count in children with traumatic brain injury: is it of value? / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Trauma is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity among young age groups in Saudi Arabia and developed countries. This study aimed to evaluate the fall of platelet count in children with traumatic brain injury (TBI) as a potential predictor for clinical severity and outcome.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 74 patients with TBI were admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) of our hospital from the beginning of January 2008 to the end of March 2010 (27 months). Baseline enrolling criteria were age less than or equal to 12 years, admission within 4 hours after trauma event, and abbreviated injury scale (AIS) less than 3 for extracranial injuries. Injury severity was classified as mild, moderate and severe according to their Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores. Clinical outcomes at discharge were defined as poor (death, severe neurological morbidity) and favorable (moderate disability and good recovery). Platelet count was taken 2-3 times on the first day after admission and thereafter once daily. The percentage fall of platelet count (PFP) was calculated and taken as an index of change. PFP was considered zero if the platelet count was higher than the initial value.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>PFP was significantly higher in patients with poor outcomes (mean 56.0%+/-3.8%, median 55.5%) compared to those with favorable outcomes (mean 25.3%+/-3.2%, median 20.5%, P less than 0.01). PFP was also closely related to the severity of TBI, GCS score, clinical outcome and length of stay for survivors (P less than 0.01 for each). The frequency of thrombocytopenia was significantly higher in poor outcome patients than in favorable outcome patients (P less than 0.05). The validity of thrombocytopenia as a risk factor to predict poor outcome after TBI was: specificity, 77.4%; odd ratio (OR), 3.1; relative risk (RR), 2.15. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and Youden index showed that the optimum cutoff point of PFP was at 51.5%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>PFP is increased with the severity of TBI and it can be taken as a significant independent predicting factor for its outcome as well.</p>