ABSTRACT
Background: Folate is a naturally occurring B vitamin, is needed in the brain for the synthesis of norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine. Thus, previous researches suggested that folate levels play an important role in the etiology and course of depression. However, the literature has been inconsistent regarding differences in folate level between individuals with and without depression. The present meta-analysis synthesized the results of previous studies to examine whether individuals with depression had lower levels of folate than individuals without depression
Aim of the Study: to assess the relationship between Depression and Folate deficiency
Methods: A review of the scientific literature [PubMed Search 1994 to 2017] Pubmed, Embase and CENTRAL were searched to identify randomized controlled trials that investigated The Correlation between Depression and Folate Deficiency as the primary outcome. Identification of papers and data extraction was performed by two independent researchers. We searched for relevant trials in the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE [from 1946], Embase [from 1974], the Transfusion Evidence Library [from 1980], and ongoing trial databases; all searches current to October 2017
Results: 8 studies were included enrolling 173000 participants; 1813 patients with depression and 15487 control subjects. Pooling of all estimates showed a significant correlation between folate status and depression [OR pooled unadjusted=1.41; 95% CI 1.19 to 1.82], [OR pooled adjusted=1.39; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.76]
Conclusion: Low folate and B12 serum levels seem to be associated with depression Folate has been linked to depression and there is a strong body of evidence suggesting the introduction of folate supplement in the prevention and treatment of depression at the population and individual levels
ABSTRACT
Aim of the Study: was to investigate the influence of phacoemulsification on corneal endothelial cells and its injury risk factors in diabetic cataract patients and non-diabetic patients
Methods: Electronic databases were searched: Scopus, EMBASE, and Google Scholer], PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, The Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. Econlit from 1990 to 2017. This was completed with a manual search of references of relevant papers. Risk of bias in methodology of studies was measured using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale
Results: Observation of corneal endothelial cell density, coefficient of variation and percentage of hexagonal cells preoperatively, 1 day, 1week, 1 and 3 months postoperatively was carried out, and multiple Logistic regression analysis for risk factors of corneal endothelial cell injury was taken
Results: Out of 779 retrieved papers, 9 studies with a total of 1129 individuals were finally included [579 diabetic eyes and 550 non-diabetic eyes]. For the dynamic changes between preoperative and postoperative values, significant differences were identified between the two groups in endothelial cell density [ECD] and hexagon cells [HC%] at 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months postoperatively, in central corneal thickness [CCT] at 1 month postoperatively, and in coefficient variation [CV] at 1 week and 1 month postoperatively. However, no significant differences were observed in CCT at 1 day, 1 week and 3 months postoperatively or in CV at 1 day and 3 months postoperatively
Conclusion: It could be concluded from the current literature that aged-cataract patients with diabetes mellitus manifested poor tolerability to cataract phacoemulsification surgery in contrast to senile cataract patients
ABSTRACT
Background: Several studies have reported that mothers with pregnancy induced hypertension or those suffering from hypertensive disorders have abnormalities in histological features of the placenta. The fetus connection with the mother is through chorionic villi. Besides several other histological features changes in the chorionic villi have also been reported. This lead to the reduced supply of the necessary nutritional elements for the fetus
The aim of the Study: The principal objective of this study was to evaluate morphometric changes in the placenta of expecting mothers have hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and women without any symptoms of hypertension. As the placenta is capillary-rich region and any physiological change can adversely affect the fetal health
Patients and Methods: In this study, a total of 84 expecting mothers were recruited. Among these 42 have hypertensive symptoms before pregnancy whereas the other 42 have their blood pressure in normal ranges. Among the 42 hypertensive women, only 13 met the study inclusion criteria,i.e., blood pressure in the range of 140/90 mmHg in the 30th week of the pregnancy. The quantitative morphometric parameters included shape and size of the placenta, damage to the blood vessels mainly in the chorionic villi and an overall number of blood vessels
Results: A comparative evaluation of placenta from the hypertensive and normotensive expecting mothers showed that blood vessels area in the hypertensive mothers was significantly reduced when compared to normotensive mothers, same holds from the blood vessels in the perimeter areas. These findings have important implications as far as the fetal development among hypertensive mothers is concerned
Conclusions: Higher blood pressure associated changes in the placenta are manifested in the form of several histological and morphological changes mainly in the chorionic villi structures involved in fulfilling nutritional requirements of the fetus