ABSTRACT
Noradrenaline [NA], the principal neurotransmitter released from sympathetic nerve terminals, influences T-cell maturation, not only directly in developing T cells, but also indirectly, by acting on the thymic nonlymphoid cells. In vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated the anti-proliferative, anti-migratory, antiangiogenic and cytotoxic properties of propranolol, beta-AR blocker, against various cancers. To evaluate the effect of propranolol on efficacy of HSP-70 rich lysate vaccine in immunotherapy of fibrosarcoma. Mouse fibrosarcoma WEHI-164 cells were used to immunize tumor-bearing mice with or without propranolol and HSP-70. Splenocytes proliferation, cytotoxic activity of the splenocytes, naturally occurring CD4+ CD25[high] T-reg cells and IFN-gamma and IL-4 secretion as well as tumor size, were assessed to describe the anti-tumor immune response. A significant increase in the level of IFN- gamma in the mice vaccinated with WEHI-164 cells enriched with HSP-70 and co-treated with propranolol was observed compared to controls. However, HSP enrichment or propranolol treatment alone did not enhance the immune response as measured by the level of IFN-gamma. Likewise, a decrease in tumor growth in the test group [p<0.01] and a significant increase in CTL activity [p<0.05] was observed. HSP enriched vaccine shows anti-tumor activity, probably due to the modulation of immune responses