ABSTRACT
Background: Breast diseases has captured attention of surgeons throughout the ages with its uncertain cause. Study of a pattern of benign breast diseases (BBDs) is a challenge due to variants in occurrence and presentation in different age groups and different geographical areas. The breast is a complex structure and any unnatural change affects the body and psyche of the person. Aim: The aim of this study was to observe age distribution, clinical signs, symptoms and pathology of benign breast lump and correlate them with pathological findings. Materials and Methods: A total of 124 cases of benign breast lump were included in this study. These cases were selected among patients visiting the outdoor clinic of Department of General Surgery in Katihar Medical College, Katihar, Bihar, India. The selected cases belonged to different etiology, age group and sex. Results: Maximum cases of benign breast tumors were observed in age group of 21-30 years (third decade). Fibroadenoma was the most common presentation. The majority of patients reported within 1 year of onset of disease. The painless lump was the most common mode of presentation. The right breast was involved in a more number of cases with maximum lesions noted in the upper outer quadrant. Conclusion: BBDs are common in female patients. Clinical, sonological, mammographical, and pathological studies need to be conducted in a systemic way to find answers of complexities posed by the confusing pattern of BBDs.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global health problem and still considered as a social disease in India reflecting the standards of living in a community. It possesses a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to practicing surgeon in resource-limited countries. Aim: The aim of the present study was to study different surgical features and epidemiological profile of intestinal TB. Materials and Methods: 100 diagnosed cases of intestinal TB were studied over a period of 3-year in the Department of General Surgery at Katihar Medical College with emphasis on mode of presentation and epidemiological profile. Result: 64% of the cases were in the age group of 21-40 years. The sex incidence revealed a female to male ratio of 1.17:1 showing a female preponderance particularly affecting those who were engaged in household work. Persons of low socio-economic status, particularly non-vegetarians were the common victims of this disease. 50% of the cases belonged to the Muslim community. The important symptoms were abdominal pain, vomiting, loss of appetite, loss of weight, constipation, recurrent bowel upset, and distension of abdomen. The important signs were emaciated look, anemia localized, tenderness, abdominal lump, visible peristalsis, doughy feel of abdomen, distension and ascites and rigidity of the abdomen. The average duration of symptoms was 6-18 months at presentation. Conclusion: Intestinal TB has vague presentations as shown by this study with a predominant feature of abdominal pain. Good results can be obtained by adopting a multidisciplinary approach, health education, and awareness among people as this disease is very prevalent in this region.