ABSTRACT
Introduction: Paediatric tuberculosis (TB) accounts for10-15% of all TB with pulmonary TB and extra-pulmonary TBcontributing to 70-80% and 20-30% respectively in children.Incidence of EPTB is on rise as reported in recent studies. Nosuch study on paediatric TB has been conducted in Kashmirvalley before. Current research aimed to study the spectrumof paediatric TB in Kashmir valley and categorize childrentreated for TB into Definite TB, Probable TB, Possible TB andNo TB.Material and Methods: Children with suspected TB aged>1month upto 18 years were prospectively enrolled at atertiary care hospital in Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, Indiaover a period of 2 years.Results: overall 136 children received anti-tuberculosistreatment (ATT) which included 78 (57.35%) cases ofpulmonary TB and 58 (42.65%) cases of EPTB. Tubercularmeningitis (TBM) 21 (36.2%) was the most common formof EPTB followed by abdominal tuberculosis 14 (24.13%),tuberculous lymphadenopathy 11(18.96%), tuberculouspleural effusion 9(15.52%) and miliary TB 3(5.2%). A total of60(44%) children had bacteriological evidence of TB (definiteTB), 67 (49.3%) were diagnosed on clinical grounds (ProbableTB) and TB couldn’t be ruled out in 9 (6.7%) cases. Only36 (26.47%) children were <5 year old, 65(47.8%) childrenwere male, 112(82.35%) children were malnourished. BCGscar was present in 95(69.83%) cases and 56 (41.2%) weretuberculin skin test (TST) positive. History of TB contact waspresent in 65(47.8%) cases and none of the child was HIVpositive.Conclusion: Although Extra-pulmonary TB is increasing,Pulmonary TB is still the most common type of paediatric TB.BCG offers some protection against severe forms of TB andYoung children are at increased risk of severe forms of TB.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Retinopathy of prematurity is a vasoproliferativedisorder of the retina among premature infants. It is animportant cause of preventable blindness in children. Recentadvances in neonatal care in the last decade have improved thesurvival rates of premature infants, consequently the incidenceof retinopathy of prematurity has increased in parallel. Theobjective of the present study was to identify the risk factorsassociated with development of ROP in preterm neonates.Material and Methods: This was a prospective observationalstudy conducted on all preterm neonates admitted in theneonatology section of Government Medical College Srinagarwho fulfilled the criteria for ROP screening.Results: A total of 150 preterm neonates were screened, out ofwhich 32 had ROP of different stages. 7 babies were detectedwith stage 3 ROP and needed laser therapy. Risk factorsassociated with ROP were studiedConclusion: Our study revealed 21.3% incidence of ROP.Prematurity, low birth weight and oxygen therapy were foundto be strong predictors of ROP. Sepsis,blood transfusionand apnea were found to be statistically significant factorsassociated with ROP