Acute glomerulonephritis: a 7 years follow up of children in center of Iran

Acute glomerulonephritis [AGN] is a type of renal disease which indicates the inflammation of glomerulus and nephrons. This study was carried on 94 children,<15 years old with the diagnosis of AGN who were admitted to Qom and Yazd's hospitals between 2000 and 2006. Data were collected using hospital records on admission, progression notes and outpatient follow up. Among 94 patients, 55.3% were male and 44.6% were female. Mean age of patients was 8.2 +/- 2.7 years old. Acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis [APSGN] was reported in 92.5%, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis in 4.2%, hemolytic uremic syndrome in 2.1% and IgA nephropathy in 1.06%. There was no significant differences between GN types and gender [P=0.54]. Clinical manifestation included edema in 68.8%, oliguria in 36.3%, gross hematuria in 69.1%, HTN in 61.7% and anuria in 1.06%. Microscopic hematuria was detected in all patients. In the time of follow up none of patients had hypertension, 3.1% had proteinuria and 6.3% had microscopic hematuria. APSGN is the most common causes of AGN in Qom and Yazd's children. Early diagnosis and treatment of APSGN may protect children from long term morbidity and mortality and improve quality of life

Renal power doppler ultrasonographic evaluation of children with acute pyelonephritis

Urinary tract infections are common in children. The available gold standard method for diagnosis, Tc-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid scan is expensive and exposes patients to considerable amount of radiation. This study was performed to compare and assess the efficacy of Power Doppler Ultrasound versus Tc-99m DMSA scan for diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis. A quasi experimental study was conducted on 34 children with mean age of 2.8?2.7 years who were hospitalized with their first episode of febrile urinary tract infection. All children were evaluated in the first 3 days of admission by Doppler Ultrasound and Tc-99m DMSA scan. Patients with congenital structural anomalies were excluded. Each kidney was divided into three zones. The comparison between efficacy of Doppler Ultrasound and DMSA scan was carried out based on number of patients and on classified renal units. Based on the number of patients enrolled; the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and accuracy of Doppler Ultrasound were 89%, 53%, 70%, 80% and 74%, respectively but based on the renal units, it was 66%, 81%, 46%, 91% and 79%, respectively. Although Doppler Ultrasound has the potential for identifying acute pyelonephritis in children, but it is still soon to replace DMSA scan

Relationship between arterial blood pressure and body mass index of school age children of southern region of Iran

Despite an increasing prevalence of obesity and hypertension in young age, there is limited information on the contribution of body mass index [BMI] to blood pressure [BP] in these populations, especially in developing countries. This study examines the association between BMI and BP in four populations of school age children across southern region of Islamic republic of Iran

Study to evaluate two dosage regimens of vitamin d through an academic year in middle school girls: a randomized trial

Vitamin D is an essential hormone for growth and development of bones in children. There is a lot of evidence for deficiency of this vitamin in Middle East females. This study conduct to find a way to combat deficiency in girls during rapid growth phase of puberty in academic year. One hundred and two Middle School girls who had not consumed any vitamins supplement have been participated in this randomized clinical trial. They allocated randomly in two case groups who received 50, 000 or 100, 000 IU vitamin D3 in October and three months later in January or in control group who received vitamin E. At the end of winter blood samples for 25-hydroxyvitamin D were checked. The mean of 25-hydroxyvitamin D were 5.5 +/- 1.5 ng/ml, 15.2 +/- 6 ng/ml, 23.0 +/- 6.8 ng/ml in control, 50, 000 and 100, 000 IU vitamin D groups respectively [P<0.05]. Neither dosage of vitamin D could raise 25-hydroxyvitamin D above 20 ng/ml in all cases. However, none of the students in 100.000 IU of vitamin D3 had severe deficiency in winter. Headache, dizziness, and weakness were the most common complain after vitamin D consumption, but no difference between groups detected [P>0.05]. Urine calcium/creatinin ratio was equal in case and control groups [P>0.05]. 100, 000 IU of vitamin D3 every three months [equal to 800IU/day] can raise 25-hydroxyvitamin D above 12 ng/ml in all cases but for area with high prevalence of sever deficiency, dosage more than 100, 000 IU every three months or shorter interval recommended to achieve optimal level

Theophylline for prevention of kidney dysfunction in neonates with severe asphyxia

Recent studies have suggested theophylline for prevention of kidney dysfunction in asphyxia. This study was designed to determine whether theophylline could prevent or ameliorate kidney dysfunction in term neonates with perinatal asphyxia. We assigned 36 severely asphyxiated term infants [Apgar score

Urinary calcium/creatinin ratio with different dosages of vitamin D3 prophylaxis in infants

The requirement of vitamin D for breast-fed term infants remains an area of controversy. Different dosage is needed according to environmental factors such as sunlight exposure. Reception of more than 400 I.U. of vitamin D daily produces hypercalcemia. A random urine calcium/creatinin ratio [UCa/Cr] is a screening test for detection of hypercalciuria. Setting adequate values of vitamin D3 prophylaxis by random UCa/Cr in infant population of Yazd city in Iran, is the aim of present study. A total of 90 healthy, full term newborns of both genders were enrolled in the study. They were divided equally into three receiving vitamin D3 prophylaxis groups as follow: [I] 200 IU/daily, [II] 400 IU/daily and [III] 50000 IU two times in fifteen and sixty days after birth. A random urine specimen from each subject was analyzed for calcium, creatinin and serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D at the end of three months of life. From all 90 studied infants, 25 [83.3%] infants with 200 IU/daily vitamin D3, 23 [76.7%] infants with 400 IU/daily vitamin D3 and 28 [93.3%] who received 50000 IU two times [76 infants, 84.4%] had hypercalciuria and 14 [15.6%] infants remained with low values of Ca/Cr ratios. According to high prevalence of hypercalciuria in this survey, it is recommended to evaluate the vitamin D level in infants and use proper amount of supplemented vitamin D. It seems that 200 IU/daily could be used in infants in our area