ABSTRACT
Sleep is an active and complex rhythmic state that may be affected by the aging process. The purpose of present research was to investigate the effect of low and moderate intensity aerobic exercises on sleep quality in older adults. The research method is quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design. The statistical sample included 45 volunteer elderly men with age range of 60-70 years-old that divided randomly in two experimental groups [aerobic exercise with low and moderate intensity] and one control group. In each group selected 15 older adults based on inclusion and exclusion criteria [such as, without sleep apnea, not smoking, and no taking hypnotic drugs]. First, all subjects were evaluated by a doctor to confirm their physical and mental health. Also, the maximum heart rate [MaxHR] of subjects was obtained by subtracting one's age from 220. Furthermore, based on aerobic exercise type [40-50% MaxHR for low intensity group and 60-70% MaxHR for moderate intensity group] the target MaxHR was calculated for each subject. The exercise protocol consisted of 8 weeks aerobic exercises [2 sessions in per-week] based on Rockport one-mile walking/running test and the control group continued their daily activities. All subjects in per-test and post-test stages completed the Petersburg Sleep Quality Index [PSQI]. In pre-test stage, results showed that there were no significant differences between control and experimental groups in sleep quality and its components [P > 0.05]. On the other hand, results in post-test stage showed that there were significant differences between control and experimental groups in these variables [P < 0.05]. Also, the Turkey Post Hoc showed that the moderate intensity group scores in total sleep quality and its components were better than other groups [P < 0.05]. Finally, the low intensity group scores in total sleep quality and its components were better than control group [P < 0.05]. Generally, the present research showed that the aerobic exercises with moderate intensity [60-70% MaxHR] have a positive and significant effect on sleep quality and its components. Thus, based on these findings, the aerobic exercises with moderate intensity is a useful to improve the sleep quality and its components among community older adults were recommended
ABSTRACT
In this study, we examined the effect of botulinum toxin A [BTA] on chronic allergic rhinitis [CAR]. We tested the effects of BTA, applied to an intranasal sponge, on patients who had CAR for a minimum of three years and had been treated unsuccessfully with conventional medications. The study was an interventional case-control single-blind randomized clinical trial. Forty-four male and female CAR patients who were referred to Tehran's Saee and Pasargad Hospitals, and Saadat-Abaad, Sarv and Karimkhan Clinics in 2012; aged 20-40 years were selected on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria. The subjects were randomly assigned to the intervention [n=22] or control group [n=22]. The intervention group received BTA [100 IU/ml; Dysport], on a 5 cm nasal sponge retained in each nasal cavity for 30 minutes. The control group received normal saline. The groups were evaluated by the same examiner. Pre- and post-tests [1, 3, 6, and 12 weeks] were performed according to the authors' pre-designed checklist, the validity and reliability of which was previously established. The symptoms scored from none [0] to severe [10] at the test points. The statistical analysis was conducted with SPSS-19, with a significance level of 0.05. Based on ANOVA, there was a significant difference [P<0.05] in symptomatic relief between the intervention and control groups. No marked adverse effects were observed during the study. An intranasal 5 cm sponge impregnated with 100 IU/ml BTA, retained in each nasal cavity for 30 minutes, may alleviate CAR symptoms with no significant adverse effects
ABSTRACT
The main goal of this report was to share with clinicians an atypical presentation of pulmonary thromboembolism [PTE] in a young male's post-appendectomy, whom he had no significant predisposing factors for such disease. The case also introduced for re-examining the challenges of PTE clinical manifestations which may mimic other differential diagnosis. PTE is an abrupt blockage of the pulmonary artery by a thrombus. Such thrombus is generated by a blood clot which has been formed, separated and migrated from the leg and/or pelvic veins toward the lung. The lung tissue's circulation is impaired which later episode results hypoxia and infarction. These events initiate a set of PTE clinical manifestations