ABSTRACT
Environmental pollution is one of the most serious and fast-growing problems in the world of today. Lead poisoning is a threatening environmental situation with the potential of causing irreversible health issues and serious negative consequences in adults and children. Lead proves to have almost no clear biological function. However, once it enters the body, it is known to cause severe health effects, which might be irreversible. In this article, we aimed to review the related literature to find evidence concerning the effect of lead toxicity on CNS, particularly its role in febrile convulsion. In this review, PubMed database was searched using MeSH terms. One hundred and fifty seven articles were retrieved, most of which were irrelevant to the topic. After a thorough search in PubMed and Google Scholar, seizure was shown to be one of the consequences of lead toxicity, but there was no evidence of epilepsy or febrile convulsion, induced by this metal contamination
ABSTRACT
Hyperbilirubinemia is a relatively common disorder among infants in Iran. Bacterial infection and jaundice may be associated with higher morbidity. Previous studies have reported that jaundice may be one of the signs of infection. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence rate, presentation time, severity of jaundice, signs and complications of infection within neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. This cross sectional study was conducted between 2003 and 2011, at Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad- Iran. We prospectively evaluated 1763 jaundiced newborns. We finally found 434 neonates who were categorized into two groups.131 neonates as case group [Blood or/and Urine culture positive or sign of pneumonia] and 303 neonates with idiopathic jaundice as control group. Demographic data including prenatal, intrapartum, postnatal events and risk factors were collected by questionnaire. Biochemical markers including bilirubin level, urine and blood cultures were determined at the request of the clinicians. Jaundice presentation time, age on admission, serum bilirubin value and hospitalization period were reported significantly higher among case group in comparison with control group [p<0.0001]. Urinary tract infection [UTI], sepsis and pneumonia were detected in 102 [8%], 22 [1.7%] and 7 [0.03%] cases, respectively. We concluded that bacterial infection was a significant cause of unexplained Hyperbilirubinemia among jaundice newborns [10%]. Therefore, we advise performing screening test for UTI as part of the evaluation in asymptomatic jaundice infants presenting after five days of life and sepsis workup should be request in symptomatic infant especially in the first week of life
ABSTRACT
One day in spring, April 2010 a middle aged woman with her infant rushed into the emergency room at a local hospital. The patient was an infant, only 8 days old with a weight of 2300 grams. He had a weight loss of 400 grams since his birth. He had frequent vomits with no toleration to breast feeding. Because of severe dehydration and his poor physical condition, he was hospitalized in the newborn intensive care unit. The infant was firstly diagnosed with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, but then his ultrasound did not confirm it. Four days later, the patient was referred to the surgery department with the diagnosis of esophageal atresia [EA]." This was a true story from my colleague working in the pediatric department. The patient was diagnosed with EA, type C, the most common form of EA, which the upper esophagus ends in a blind pouch and there is a tracheoesophageal fistula [TEF] that is connected to the distal esophagus. This type of TEF prevents the patient from swallowing anything, and management of dehydration and hypoglycemia is necessary for survival
ABSTRACT
A male neonate from a 23 year-old mother by cesarean section without complication in labor or delivery had vomiting from birth for 9 days and lost 400 grams of body weight. He had severe dehydration upon admission to our hospital. After treating his dehydration and assessment of his problem by laboratory tests and radiography we found that he had esophageal atresia without hypoglycemia. We repaired his atresia and he is normal now 10 months post-treatment
ABSTRACT
Low Birth weight infants are at risk of many problems. Therefore their outcome must evaluate in different ages especially in school age. In this study we determined prevalence of ophthalmic, hearing, speaking and school readiness problems in children who were born low birth weight and compared them with normal birth weight children. In a cross-sectional and retrospective study, all Primary School children referred to special educational organization center for screening before entrance to school were elected in Mashhad, Iran. In this study 2400 children enrolled to study and were checked for ophthalmic, hearing, speaking and school readiness problems by valid instrument. Data were analyzed by SPSS 11.5. This study showed that 8.3% of our population had birth weight less than 2500 gram. Visual impairment in LBW [Low Birth Weight] and NBW [Normal Birth Weight] was 8.29% vs. 5.74% and there was statistically significant difference between them [P=0.015]. Hearing problem in LBW and NBW was 2.1% vs. 1.3 and it was not statistically significant. Speaking problem in LBW and NBW was 2.6% vs. 2.2% and it was not statistically significant. School readiness problem in LBW and NBW was 12.4% vs. 5.8% and it was statistically significant [P<0.001]. According to the results, neurological problems in our society is more than other society and pay attention to this problem is critical. We believe that in our country, it is necessary to provide a program to routinely evaluate LBW children