ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND@#Lung cancer is the most common cause of death in men in the world and in Indonesia where non-small cell carcinoma lung cancer (NSCLC) constitutes 85% of all lung cancer cases. The high mortality rate is due to a poor prognosis and is often diagnosed as having advanced stages. If it is known at the initial stage, the prognosis of lung cancer will be better. Prognosis can be predicted with a marker of prognostic biology, one of which is micro RNA (miRNA). This study aims to prove that serum miRNA can be predictive biological marker and prognosis in NSCLC patients in Indonesia.@*METHODS@#This study was cohort retrospective among 52 subjects in "Dharmais" Hospital National Cancer Center. Sample was obtained from patients' serum. MiR-34, miR-148, miR-155 and miR-222 serum are measured through Real-Time PCR (qPCR). Data were analyzed and interpreted with descriptive analysis, bivariate analysis (Mann Whitney-U for two type of variables or Kruskal-Wallis for more than two type of variables. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to know association between characteristic which are sociodemographic, performance status, clinico-pathology, and survival rate in miRNA expression.@*RESULTS@#From this study, miRNA expression: miR-34 (46.15%), miR-148 (23.08%), miR-155 (40.38%) and miR-222 (32.69%). Performance status score was statistically significant correlation with miR-148 (P=0.049) and miR-222 (P=0.018). High miR-34 is associated with multiple M1b metastatic type (P=0.020), cancer cell type (adenocarcinoma, P=0.009) and adenocarcinoma epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation (negative, P=0.031). There was a significant correlation between the high miR-222 as a poor prognosis in advanced stage NSCLC with M1b metastasis (Median Survival/MS: 27 d, P=0.049) and positive EGFR mutations (MS: 74 d, P=0.049) and correlation of miR-155 with adenocarcinoma (MS: 69 d, P=0.034) and positive EGFR gene mutations (MS: 58 d, P=0.023).@*CONCLUSIONS@#High miR-34 expression in advanced stage NSCLC is the predictive factor for multiple metastatic, adenocarcinoma cell type and adenocarcinoma negative EGFR mutation. High expression of miR-155 and miR-222 are poor prognoses, especially high miR-222 found in metastasis M1b and positive EGFR mutation and miR-155 found in adenocarcinoma and positive EGFR gene mutations. Further studies regarding correlation between miRNA and survival rate are needed.
ABSTRACT
Background and study aims: the single nucleotide polymorphism [SNP] of the vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF] gene -634 G/C [rs2010963] influences the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma [HCC]. There have been no studies on the role of VEGF SNP -634 G/C in chronic liver disease [CLD]. The aim of the present study was to analyse the correlation between VEGF SNP -634 and the clinical severity of CLD and HCC
Patients and methods: a cross sectional study was conducted on 182 subjects [46 HCC, 39 liver cirrhotic/ LC, 38 chronic hepatitis/CH; and 57 healthy subjects]. The study was conducted from 2010 to 2014 at the Dr. Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta, Indonesia. All subjects submitted blood serum for DNA sequencing examination using primer. The clinical data of CLD and HCC were assessed, and sVEGFR-2 was examined in 149 subjects. All data were analysed using STATA programme 11.0
Results: significant differences were observed in genotypic frequency [GG/GC/CC] between HCC, LC, CH and healthy subjects [p= 0.004], but though no significant differences were observed between the G>G and C>C genotypic frequencies [p = 0.337]. The frequency of genotype GG was significantly higher than genotype GC or CC in HCC and was associated with declining of clinical conditions [p < 0.05]. No significant difference in the distribution genotypes was observed with respect to the level of sVEGFR-2 in the serum. However, we observed a significant correlation between sVEGFR-2 and clinical characteristics in LC and CH [p < 0.05]
Conclusion: Genotype GG of the VEGF SNP -634 is the dominant genotype in severe CLD and HCC. sVEGFR-2 correlates with the disease severity but is not directly associated with the SNP -634 genotype