[Usability evaluation of hospital information systems based on isometric standard from the viewpoint of users in education and treatment centers affiliated to Qom university of medical sciences, Iran]

Evaluation has an important role in software development. Quality is considered in the evaluation of information systems, which depends on usability, availability, validity, compatibility, and response time. This research was performed with the aim of determining the usability of hospital information systems according to the 7 principles of isometric 9241, part 10. This study was carried out as a descriptive cross-sectional study on a sample of hospital information systems' users in Education and Treatment Centers affiliated to Qom University of Medical Sciences. The standard questionnaire of isometric 9241, part 10, consisting of 75 questions was used to assess the usability of hospital information systems. In this questionnaire, 7 principles were assessed, including suitability for the tasks, self- descriptiveness, controllability, error tolerance, suitability for personalization, suitability for learning, and conformity with user's expectations. Descriptive tests [mean, percentage, and frequency] were used for data analysis and evaluation of specified criteria. In this evaluation, the mean score of suitability for the task was 2.81 [the highest score], self-descriptiveness 2.51, controllability 2.63, conformity with user expectations 2.65, error tolerance 2.61, suitability for personalization 2.39 [the lowest score], and suitability for learning 2.70. Regarding the results of this study and pervious researches, developers of hospital information systems in Iran should pay adequate attention to user's needs when designing and developing the software

[Anti Streptococcus mutans non fluoride and fluoride containing sealants after adding nano-silver particles]

Since recurrent caries are one of the major causes of failure in resin restorations, the production of antibacterial resin composites was always under investigation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of fissure sealants containing nanosilver particles against the Streptococcus mutans. In this experimental study, the antibacterial properties of two sealants [with fluoride [Clinpro 3M] and without fluoride [Concise 3M] was investigated with 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05% w/w after adding nano-silver using direct contact test. Sealants formed on the walls of 500ml micro tube and after curing, they left in contact with bacterial suspension. In periods of 3, 24, 48h, a 10 microl volume of liquid medium was placed in blood agar culture and after 24 h incubation at 37°C, the number of S.mutans colony was counted by colony counter. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and T-test. Results reported sealants with fluoride comparing to non fluoride ones had significant effect on inhibition of S.mutans growth [P<0.001]. The direct contact test demonstrated that by increasing the amount of nano particles, the bacterial growth was significantly diminished [P<0.001]. While sealants with fluoride demonstrated antibacterial effect, sealants with incorporation of higher weight percentage of nanosilver particles, had stronger and more significant antibacterial effect in direct contact test

[Effect of 660nm low power laser on pain and healing in palatal donor sites; a randomized controlled clinical trial]

Free gingival graft is one of the most predictable procedures for gingival augmentation, but patient's discomfort and pain during healing period of palatal donor site is a significant concern. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 660nm low power laser on pain and healing in palatal donor sites. The present split mouth randomized controlled clinical trial was performed in 12 patients at the department of periodontics of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Patients' allocation was done by balanced block randomization [laser group and placebo group]. In laser test group [wave length: 660 nm, power: 200mW, time of irradiation: 32s] was applied immediately post-surgery and in day 1, 2, 4 and 7 after that. In the control group, laser application was done with off power mode. Evaluation of epithelialization and healing was done with H2O2 and photograph. The number of palliative pills and bleeding was recorded. Wilcoxon test was used to analyze healing during the study. Patient's pain during study was analyzed using repeated measure ANOVA. Mc Nemar test was used to analyze bleeding. Level of statistical significance was set at 0.05. Laser group showed better epithelialization [P=0.02] and healing [P=0.01] in day 14 after surgery and showed better epithelialization in day 21[P=0.05]. No statistically differences were observed between laser group and control group in terms of bleeding and medication [P=0.51], [P=1]. According to the results of this study, the low power laser can promote palatal wound healing during the second and third week after free gingival graft procedures

[Evaluation of symmetrical or asymmetrical pattern of nursing caries in 3-5 year-old children at kindergartens in Tehran during 2009-2010]

Nursing Caries [NC] is a destructive form of caries because of incorrect nutritional habits in infants that affects deciduous teeth after eruption. Familiarity with the pattern of this type of caries and evaluation of its symmetrical or asymmetrical pattern is necessary for effective and scientific diagnosis and treatment. The aim was to assess the symmetrical or asymmetrical aspects of Nursing Caries in children between 3-5 years old. In this cross-sectional study, 10 kindergartens were randomly selected by the Tehran Welfare Organization. 115 children with NC caries entered to study after examination. Written consents were obtained from the parents. The dmfs in upper primary incisors and upper and lower primary canines, as well as the first primary molars were assessed and the caries pattern in terms of symmetrical or asymmetrical aspects was evaluated. The data were analyzed by ANOVA, LSD, Chi-square and Fisher tests. In 53.9% of the children with NC, the anterior teeth were affected symmetrically, while 46.1% indicated an asymmetrical pattern. In general, 32.2% of the teeth were affected in a symmetrical pattern and 67.8% of them in an asymmetrical pattern. About the relationship between the breastfeeding from the right or left breast and the symmetrical pattern of the NC, 51% of the children were equally breastfed from both breasts. However, in the asymmetrical NC pattern with more impact in the right side of dentition, 50% of the children had been breastfed from the left side and in children with more caries in the left side of dentition, 50% of them had been breastfed from the right side [P=0.01]. NC has symmetrical and asymmetrical patterns. Direction of mother for breastfeeding affects the symmetrical and asymmetrical pattern of NC

Comparison of neutrophil apoptosis by the pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxins between healthy individuals and term infants

Pseudomonas aeruginosa may be colonized in different human tissues and result in some infections potentially. Thus, considering that these bacteria are resistance to most of the current antibiotics, an examination on pathogenesis mechanisms of such bacteria can be effective in controlling the infections developed by it. In this project, among 40 blood samples [20 healthy persons, 20 infants], an amount of 5 ml [2 ml in the infants] heparinized blood was collected from each and then neutrophils were isolated by a standard method and were counted by neubauer lam. After culturing Pseudomonas bacteria in broth medium, some tubes with densities of 1, 2, 3 and 4 McFarland were prepared and the bacteria were isolated by centrifuge method with 3000rpm for 10 minutes and then its exotoxin were exposed to neutrophils of the groups under study. The effect of time and the bacteria count on the amount of the secreted toxin and in adjacency to neutrophils was measured. There were 11 men and 9 women in the health group and the infants group consisted of 12 boys and 8 girls. Death cell percentage of neutrophils was 100% in the health group and 8.90% in the infants group. Percentage of bacterial growth in the medium 1 and 2 McFarland was zero; in the medium 3 McFarland, it was 12.5% in the healthy group and 1% in the infants group [p<0.10]. The average rate of cell death in the minute 15th was different in two groups [68.5% in health group vs. 92.5% in the infants] [p<0.0005]. This study showed the effect of Pseudomonas bacteria on the development of early cell death in the infants very well. As it was shown, this effect is time-dependent and this cell death [apoptosis] is occurred in the infants earlier than health people

[Geographical distribution of human resources in mental health provision system in 2007]

The present research was carried out with the aim of providing a geographical map and the distribution of indices related to the distribution of human resources in the mental health system in Iran according to regions covered by different medical universities. This study was carried out using the data present in mental health system reports in the year 2007. Subsequent to the adjustment of indices, data were presented by drawing descriptive and interpolated maps using Arc GIS 9.2. Also, the amount of each evaluated index, minimum, maximum and standard deviation of each index in different areas were reported. In 2007 the nationwide means of covered population to total population of the country, covered urban population to total urban population, covered rural population to total rural population, proportion of covered health centers, to total health centers, proportion of covered health and treatment rural centers to the total, proportion of covered urban health and treatment centers to the total, and the proportion of covered health headquarters to the total were 54.8%, 36.9%, 96.2%, 97.5%, 97.1%, 50.4%, and 41.4% respectively. The individuals providing mental health services comprised: 29282 assistants in nursing, 6529 health workers, 4595 trained general practitioners, 61877 health messengers, 692 psychiatrists, 27 child psychiatrists, 126 psychologists [56 clinical, 70 other], 652 professionals with master's degree in psychology [183 clinical, 469 other], 651 social workers, and 214 psychiatric nurses. There is favorable distribution of specialized human resources in the country's health system, however, there is an disparity between the distribution of specialized human resources and covered population

Diaper type as a risk factor in urinary tract infection of children

Urinary tract is one of the most common sources of infection in children under the age of two years. Many known and unknown risk factors predispose to this important disease in children. This study was conducted to determine whether using a specific type of diaper plays a role in urinary tract infection [UTI] in girls under the age of 2 years. This case control study was performed in hospitalized children; girls with their first urinary tract infection were selected as cases, and those admitted for other reasons comprised the control group. Two groups were matched for age [ +/- 1 month], and other known risk factors for UTI. Type of diapers [superabsorbent, standard disposable and washable cotton], used for these children during six months, from October 2007 to March 2008, were compared in both I groups. 59 matched pair infant girls less than 2 years were selected. It was revealed that in cases with UTI superabsorbent diapers were used more frequently than in controls [Odds ratio =3.29, P-value=0.005] There were no significant differences in other factors like number of diapers used per day, the time between defecation and diaper change, mothers' educational level, level of family income and mother's occupation. The use of superabsorbent diapers could be a risk factor for urinary tract infection in infant girls

[Serum folate levels in major beta Thalassemia patients]

Beta major thalassemia is a variant of beta thalassemia syndrome which could be treated with bone marrow transplantation or if not available, regular blood transfusion. In the latter case, supportive therapy is the mainstay of treatment because of low folate intake or absorption. But the main cause of insufficient supportive therapy is the increasing need of bone marrow for ineffective erythropoiesis in the absence of regular blood transfusion. The purpose of regular blood transfusion in beta major thalassemia patients is to maintain the range of hemoglobin level between 9 and 11 gr/dl to stop insufficient erythropoiesis completely. Therefore, by regular blood transfusion, supportive therapy with folic acid would not be needed. The aim of this study is to determine serum folate level in regular transfused [3 major thalassemia patients in Mofid Children's Hospital during 2006. This is a cross sectional descriptive-analytic study performed on 100 beta major thalassemia patients receiving regular blood transfusion and desferal. Post-storage leukodepleted blood is used for transfusion. Patients' data is achieved from information data sheets. Serum folate level is determined with Electrochemiluminescence method in one of the most reliable laboratory centers. Normal serum folate level was 3-17.5 ng/ml in this laboratory with the sensitivity of 0.6 ng. Data analysis is performed with SPSS analysis software, and with chi squared, T-test and Spearman test. 56 [56%] girls and 44 [44%] boys entered this study with a median age of 156 [ +/- 71.2] months and an age range of 14-288 months. Patients' median hemoglobin level was 9.5 [ +/- 0.87] g/dl, with minimum of 7.5 and maximum of 11.9 g/dl. Mean MCV was 84.2 [ +/- 4.20] fl, with the range of 73.4 -95.3 fl. Seaim folate level was in the range of 1-19 ng/ml and median of 9 [ +/- 4.9] ng/ml. Serum folate was less than 3 ng/ml in 3% of evaluated patients. Hemoglobin level was equal or more than 9 g/dl in 73% of patients. It seems that if major [3 thalassemia patients receive regular blood transfusion, their serum folate level would be in normal range and supplementation therapy with folate will not be necessary

Staphylococcal nasal colonization in Mofid children hospital staff; carrier state and antibiotic susceptibility

Staphylococcus aureus [SA] is frequently found on normal human skin and mucous membranes. Methicilline resistance S. aureus [MRSA] strains have spread in many hospital isolates world wide since 1970s. Hospital personnel tend to have higher colonization rates than the general population. Colonized residents and personnel are sources for dissemination of organism. For this cross sectional study, Mofid children's hospital staff were evaluated for staphylococcal nasal colonization. Isolated staphylococci tested for methicilline sensitivity by MIC method and their antibiotic susceptibility was investigated for six antibiotics by Disk diffusion technique. Of 284 tested personnel, 56 [19.7%] revealed to have nasal colonization of whom 23 [8.1%] were methicilline resistant [MRSA]. Working in the office [p<0.003], age [p<0.008] and years of employment in hospital [p<0.039] were correlated with colonization with MRSA. Totally, 96% of carriers were persistent carrier. Logistic regression showed a significant association between the working place [health care] [p<0.049] and years of employment [p<0.07] with S. aureus nasal colonization rate. Hospitals should assess the advantages and disadvantages of routinely culturing personnel, however, in outbreak situation hospital personnel especially older persons may be sources of nosocomial infection