ABSTRACT
Background: Cirrhosis is the irreversible fibrosis of liver, it continues to be a common cause of morbidity and mortality. It is accompanied by inflammation and malnutrition and thus can have a negative effects on bone metabolism and promote fractures accordingly
Aim of the study: to evaluate the risk of fractures among patients with cirrhosis
Methods: A systematic review of the scientific literature following PRISMA/STROBE guidelines, Medline Cochrane Library and Embase s were retrieved using an algorithm comprising relevant MeSH terms from 1980 to 2017. Publications on the association of cirrhosis/bone fracture were ed independently by the authors and included in both gender and gender-specific meta-analyses, following recalculations of published data as appropriate. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to evaluate the quality of included studies
Results: [st] 8 udies met the inclusion criteria enrolling 988 patients [286 of which are diagnosed with al coholic liver disease [ALD]. Overall, ALD demonstrated a el r ative risk [] RR of 1.825, 95%CI: 1.370 2.28, - < 0.001 P for the development of bone fractures. Bone mineral density [BMD] was not significantly different between the ALD and control groups, although there was a trend toward lower BMD in patients with ALD. Sensitivity analyses showed consistent results
Conclusion: in accordance to the present meta-analysis, there is a significant correlation between bone fractures and ALD independent of BMD
ABSTRACT
Objectives: The purpose of the study was to measure and compare mean enamel loss caused by microabrasion treatment of different abrasive materials under a fixed variable
Materials and Methods: In this laboratory study, three commonly used abrasive materials were compared: Dental Pumice, Zircate® Prophy Paste, Opalustre® and a controlled group [distilled water]. Hundred extracted human premolars were randomly allocated into four groups; each group was subjected to fixed pressure, time and rotational speed mimicking dental office setting
Results: Data was collected and statistically analyzed. The results of the study [p < 0.01] was statistically significant and showed that Opalustre® caused the highest mean difference in enamel loss. Followed by dental Pumice and Prophy paste in order with minimal difference between them. And the controlled group [distilled water] had the least mean enamel loss
Conclusion: microabrasion offers a great approach in treating enamel defect/staining in a minimally invasive procedure in order to achieve acceptable aesthetic results while preserving the tooth's microstructure as much as possible. As shown in the result; Combined chemical acid with mechanical abrasive particles produce most effective results
ABSTRACT
Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease [NAFLD] is the most common chronic liver disease that exposes patients to a great risk of emerging cardiovascular diseases and could develop to cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma if left unmanaged
Objective of the Study: this article is intended to provide an overview and explore the optimal intervention for management of NAFLD in the short and long term
Methods: Electronic search in the scientific database from 1966 to 2017 [Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Library as well as NHS center websites were searched for English Publications were obtained from both reprint requests and by searching the database. Data extracted included authors, country, year of publication, age and sex of patients, epidemiology, geographical distribution, pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical manifestations, investigations and types of surgical treatment
Conclusion: It was concluded from the extensive review of the literature that Lifestyle modification including diet, physical activity and controlling metabolic disorders are the cornerstone in current management of NAFLD. Nevertheless, Insulin-sensitizing agents and antioxidants, particularly thiazolidinediones and vitamin E, seem to be a very promising pharmacologic treatment for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, yet further long-term multicenter studies need to be conducted for confirmation and assessment
ABSTRACT
Background: Blunt abdominal trauma is a common cause of morbidity and mortality among patients encountering traumatic injuries, especially motor vehicle accidents, which are the leading cause of injury worldwide. Focused abdominal sonogram for trauma, computed tomography with or without contrast, and laparotomy are the most common ways of diagnosis and treatment. With advancement of diagnostic medicine, the physicians are making use of non-operative methods to achieve quick results quicker and with fewer complications
Methodology: We conducted this review using a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PubMed, and EMBASE, January 2001, through February 2017. The following search terms were used: blunt abdominal injury, FAST scan, US in abdominal trauma, CT for abdominal trauma, trauma management
Aim: In this review, we aimed at evaluating the various methods of diagnosis using imaging for blunt abdominal trauma
Conclusion: The growing tendency of non-operative management necessitates early identification of the injury sites, which is aided by the increasing sophistication of the CT techniques. Additionally, CT also provides a very significant method for following up the patients and for detecting complications which were not diagnosed initially
ABSTRACT
Background: Down syndrome [DS] is a chromosomal disorder that results in intellectual disability and growth problems. The worldwide incidence of this syndrome is 1 in 1000 births and increases exponentially with the maternal age. People with DS usually have reduced life expectancy and suffer from mental retardation, heart problems, Alzheimer's disease among other complications. However, the severity of the disease differs from patient to patient. Perceptions of the disease and the public attitudes towards people with Down syndrome are very important in the inclusion of these people in the community and the supporting families
Objectives: to assess the level of awareness, attitude and practice toward Down syndrome in Jeddah city to identify barriers
Methods: a cross-sectional analytical questionnaire-based study among the general population of Jeddah city
Results: a total of 360 subjects answered the questionnaires. The mean age was 36 years, it ranged from 16 to 70, with 45.2% females and 43.7% male respondents. Of these, 67% had attended college, 5% had a postgraduate degree, 23.5% had completed high school, and 3.1% had basic school. The majority of participants had a high level of monthly income [38%]. The majority of subjects included in the research were [59.6%] married and [51.3%] were unemployed. Most subjects [338] had poor knowledge about Down syndrome and there was no association between the knowledge and demographics of participants except for education at the higher levels of education, the more significant association with good knowledge
Conclusion: The results of the present study reveal that the knowledge about the Down syndrome was poor among the studied population. Also, education significantly impacts the knowledge of Down syndrome, thus there is a need for providing the population and patients with the necessary information to improve their Down syndrome awareness
ABSTRACT
Background: in our present review, the main goal was to determine the factors that influence the time of CT in diagnosis of SAH in emergency department, since the ED physicians are the first who are approaches to the patients, awareness and attitude of those physicians are very important for the benefit of SAH patients
Methods: we conducted a comprehensive search using following databases; PUBMED, EMBASE, SCOPUS of studies that involving data on the roles and time of CT in diagnosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage [SAH] in ED patients with acute headache, published in English language up to 2017
Conclusion: CT within 6 hours might be considered enough to rule out SAH in the following circumstances: a neurologically regular patient, a thunderclap headache presentation, a clear time of beginning, and a modern-day CT scan carried out within 6 hours of beginning read by a going to radiologist. Time from headache beginning to imaging is reasonably associated with favorable imaging for SAH. Postpone to health center presentation represent the biggest portion of time to imaging, especially those without SAH. These findings recommend restricted opportunity to minimize lumbar puncture rates merely by accelerating in-hospital processes when imaging hold-ups are under 2 hours, as diagnostic yield of imaging decreases beyond the 6-hour imaging window from headache beginning
ABSTRACT
Objectives: To assess the changes in the level of C-reactive protein [CRP] and tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-alpha] in gingival crevicular fluid [GCF] after treatment of chronic gingivitis in systemically healthy individuals
Methods: This is a clinical trial conducted at Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America from February to December 2011. A total of 41 systemically healthy subjects were assigned to 2 groups according to the severity of gingival inflammation. Group I consisted of 18 subjects who had mild gingival inflammation; and group II consisted of 23 with more severe gingival inflammation. Periodontal assessment consisted of gingival index [GI], probing depths [PD], and GCF volume. Four to six weeks after prophylaxis and oral hygiene instruction, the same measurements were repeated. The level of CRP and TNF-alpha in the GCF was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays
Results: A statistically significant reduction in the mean CRP and TNF-alpha levels after the treatment was found in the severe, but not in the mild gingivitis group. Both groups showed a statistically significant reduction in GI, PD, and periotron readings after the treatment
Conclusion: Treatment of severe chronic gingivitis reduces the levels of CRP and TNF-alpha in GCF of otherwise systemically healthy individuals, which could have an impact on preventing or controlling future or existing systemic disease conditions