ABSTRACT
Background: Aortic valve calcification in End Stage Renal Disease [ESRD] patients occurs ten to twenty years earlier than general population. It is associated with myocardial, coronary arteries and conduction system calcification and it is associated with rapid development of aortic valve stenosis
Objective: To study the incidence of aortic valve calcification in hemodialysis patients and to look for risk factors associated with this calcification
Patients and Methods: Forty six patients with End Stage Renal Disease [ESRD] on regular haemodialysis in Baghdad Teaching Hospital / Dialysis Unit and forty six patients with no renal disease as control group were studied between February 2005 - January 2006. Duration of dialysis, blood flow rate during dialysis, serum Calcium, serum Phosphorous and their products were included in this study. Echocardiography was done for all patients
Results: The incidence of Aortic Valve Calcification [AVC] in ESRD patients on haemodiaysis was 30% and it was higher than that of general population [p value 0.0085] . It occurs 10-15 year earlier than in patients with no renal disease. End Stage Renal Disease patients with AVC were older than those with non calcified valves. Only 7.4% of those ESRD patients with AVC have hemodynamic AV stenosis [p value 0.5]. The mean duration of haemodialysis in ESRD patients with AVC was longer than that of ESRD patients without AVC which was statistically significant. Also there was statistically significant association between blood flow rate during haemodialysis and AVC. There was statistically significant association between Calcium phosphate products and AVC in ESRD patients
Conclusion: There is ahigher incidence of aortic valve calcification in ESRD patients on haemodialysis . This calcification occurs earlier than that in patients with no renal disease .The duration of haemodialysis is a risk factors for AVC
ABSTRACT
To assess the outcome of surgical intervention for bleb encapsulation after Ahmed implant. We reviewed the records of 9 patients who developed bleb encapsulation after Ahmed implant and who underwent bleb revision because of uncontrolled glaucoma despite medical treatment. After a mean follow-up of 36 months [range 2 to 84], the mean intraocular pressure [IOP] after bleb revision [16.6 +/- 4.3] was significantly lower than the mean preoperative IOP [28.7 +/- 5.3] [P value <0.05]. Successful outcome was defined as a final IOP between 6 and 22 mmHg with the same or less medication than pre-operatively; this was achieved in seven eyes [77.80%]. Capsular excision after failure of an Ahmed Glaucoma Valve caused by fibrous encapsulation is a useful approach for re-establishing function and lowering the IOP
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Surgical Procedures, Operative , Prosthesis Implantation , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
The soluble portion [S3] of large particle fraction of Trichinella spiralis infective larvae was chromatographed on sephacryl S-300 yielding six peaks. Antigens were injected into mice together with Freund's complete adjuvant for three consecutive injections than all mice were challenged with 200L1 larvae orally. Control groups of both mice injected with buffer containing adjuvant and nonimmunized infected mice were used. The influence of immune response on mice was determined by different procedures. Results showed that immunization with S3 and peak four resulted in marked resistance against infection with T. spiralis while the other peaks had no effect