Complementary feeding of infants less than one year old attending two health centers in Cairo

The period from conception to the age of three is a time of rapid growth and represent a period of singular opportunity to provide a child with a strong nutritional and immunological foundation. Malnutrition weakens the immune system, makes child susceptible to disease, increases severity of illness and impedes recovery. Growth retardation is one of the most common nutritional problems in the world, an estimate of 19% of the under five Egyptian children are stunted due to malnutrition. 1- To assess feeding and anthropometry of infants less than one year old attending two health centers in Cairo 2- To investigate factors that influence nutritional status and anthropometry of these infants. This is a cross sectional study using systematic random sample technique. The study included 52 healthy infants less than one year old [26 males and 26 females], attending urban health center in El-Nasr city and urban health center in shoubra district. Inclusion of infants was voluntary, starting from jan. to April/2004. Data are collected on infant's socioeconomic status, anthropometry, hemoglobin concentration, and dietary intake using 24-hour recall for 3 different days. Complementary feeding supplied study infants with less than their RDA of proteins and calories. It was deficient in calcium, zinc and iron, as well as vitamins A,B12, and folate. Prevalence of low anthropometry [<5[th] percentiles] was 1.9% of the three anthropometric indices: length/age [stunting], weight/length [wasting], and weigh/age [under weight]. There were significant differences between males and females regarding weights, lengths at birth, head circumference, chest circumference and skin fold thickness in favor for the males infants of university graduated fathers were significantly higher in weights at birth, total proteins intake and hemoglobin concentrations than secondary graduated fathers. Infants of not working mothers [house wives] were significantly higher than those of working mothers regarding calcium, iron, vitamin B1, vitamin B12, vitamin C intake, as well as weights, mid arm circumferences, head circumferences, chest circumferences and skin fold thicknesses. Breast fed infants were significantly higher in hemoglobin concentration than artificially fed infants. Complementary feeding supplied study infants with less than their RDA for main food stuffs, minerals and vitamins. Prevalence of low anthropometry was 1.9% for the three indices. Factors that influenced nutritional status and anthropometry in study infants were: age, sex, residence, father education, mother education, mother working state, family size, birth order, type of feeding, and main food stuff intake

Tensile strength of the solder joints of some recasted dental alloys

The investigation was carried out to study the effect of recasting on the tensile strength of the solder joint of three different types of alloys widely used on the Egyptian dental laboratories, the silver palladium, the nickel chromium and the chromium cobalt alloys. One hundred sixty five specially prepared rods were fabricated in a standardize manner for each alloy and were recasted two, three and four times with and without addition of 50% per weight fresh alloy during each recasting. Every two rods of the same alloy were soldered together with the corresponding alloy of soldering following the manufacture instructions. The specimens were held with a specially constructed metal adaptor and were subjected to tensile force using a universal Instron testing machine. The results were tabulated and statistically analyzed. It was concluded that the first cast specimens of the chromium cobalt solder joints showed the highest tensile strength values, followed by the nickel chromium specimens then the silver palladium specimens. There was no statistical significant decrease in the tensile strength values between the first cast samples and the recasted samples with 50% per weight addition of fresh alloy in the three tested alloys. In the three tested alloys, there was a statistical significant decrease in the tensile strength values between the first cast samples and the recasted samples without addition of fresh alloy. The recasted samples for one, two and three times without the addition of fresh alloy showed significant gradual decrease in the tensile strength values in all the tested alloys

Tensile strength of the solder joints of some recast dental alloys

This investigation was carried out to study the effect of recasting on the tensile strength of the solder of three different types of alloys widely used in the Egyptian dental laboratories, the silver palladium, the nickel chromium and the chromium cobalt alloys. One hundred sixty five specially prepared rods were fabricated in a standardized manner for each alloy and were recasted two, three and four times with and without addition of 50% per weight fresh alloy during each recasting. Every tow rods of the same alloy were soldered together with the corresponding alloy of soldering following the manufacturer instructions. The specimens were held with a specially constructed metal adaptor and were subjected to tensile force using a universal instron testing machine. The results were tabulated and statistically analyzed