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Background: Acute bronchiolitis is the most common lower respiratory tract infection in young infants and young children. The respiratory syncytial virus is the commonest cause of bronchiolitis. Recently the role of nebulized 3% saline has come into focus. Nebulized adrenaline has also been suggested as another treatment option, its primary role being the reduction of mucosal edema, which is an important part of the disease pathology in bronchiolitis. Objective: To see the effects of nebulized adrenaline in comparison to nebulized 3% hypertonic saline in the treatment of acute bronchiolitis. Material & Methods:This was a randomized controlled trial, carried out in the Department of Pediatrics, Bangladesh Shishu Hospital and Institute from October 2017 to March 2020. A total of 90 children from 1 month to 2 years of age of either sex who were diagnosed and admitted with acute bronchiolitis were enrolled. After enrollment, they were randomly assigned to either 3% nebulized hypertonic saline (group A=45) or to the nebulized adrenaline-1:1000 group (group B=45). Monitoring was done by respiratory distress assessment instrument (RDAI) score at 12 hours interval for 1st 24 hours and then 24 hourly till the patient was ready for discharge. The efficacy was determined by assessing clinical severity score/RDAI score and length of hospital stay. Data were analyzed using SPSS version-23.Results:The mean age was found 6.34±3.89 months in group A and 6.06±3.55 months in group B. The majority of patients were males in both groups. All patients had a cough, breathing difficulty, Ronchi, and chest indrawing in both groups. Changes in heart rate were 5.68±6.61/min in group A and 2.86±5.87/min in group B, which was significantly decreasing in group A than in group B. Mean clinical severity scores at 12 hours and at 24 hours were statistically significant (p<0.05). However, mean clinical severity scores at baseline, at 48 hours, at 72 hours, and at 96 hours were not statistically significant. The mean duration of oxygen therapy was found 15.00±5.36 hours in group A and 24.63±11.64 hours in group B. Which indicates that the duration of oxygen therapy was significantly higher in group B than in group A. Majority of the patients of group A and group B were discharged within 72 hours 39(86.7%) and 28(62.2%) respectively, which was statistically significant.Conclusions:Nebulization with 3% hypertonic saline significantly reduced clinical severity score and length of hospital stay in case of acute bronchiolitis in comparison to nebulized adrenaline.
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In this study, the effect of oral ciprofloxacin on the structure of the thoracic aorta in rats was investigated. Twenty four male albino rats were divided into 4 groups (6 rats/group): group I (adult control), group II (adult rats treated with ciprof loxacin), group III (senile control), and group IV (senile rats treated with ciprof loxacin). Rats in groups II and IV received ciprofloxacin via oral gavage in a daily dose of 3.5 mg/kg/d for 14 days, while control rats received equivalent amount of distilled water used to dissolve the drug. After 2 weeks, all rats were sacrificed, thoracic aortae were dissected, and half of the specimens were processed for paraffin sections and examined by light microscopy. The other half of the specimens were prepared for scanning electron microscopy. Sections from rats treated with ciprofloxacin showed evident damaging effect on aortic wall particularly in (group IV). Aortic intima showed, focal desquamation of the lining epithelium. Tunica media exhibited loss of the normal concentric arrangement and degeneration of the smooth muscle cells. Immune staining for alpha smooth muscle actin showed muscle damage. Interestingly, some sections in (group IV) showed out-pouch (aneurysm like) of the aortic wall. There was dense collagen fibers deposition. Scanning electron microscopic observations of (group IV) revealed uneven intima, adherent blood cells and fibrin filaments to damaged intima, and out-pouch formation. It was concluded that oral ciprofloxacin caused deleterious structural changes in the thoracic aortic wall of rats explaining clinical observations of fluoroquinolones induced risk of aortic dissection and aneurysm.
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The experiment was carried out in the field of Plant Pathology Department, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh to determine the effect of BARI-biofertilizerand Integrated Pest Management (IPM) biopesticide for controlling foot and root rot diseases of chickpea. It was observed that both BARI-Biofertilizer and IPM biopesticide resulted significantly lower disease incidence of seedlings of the test pulse over the control. Soil treatment with BARI-Biofertilizer resulted the lowest disease incidence of chickpea var. Hyprosola, Binasola-2, Binasola-3 and Binasola-4 at 20 DAS (Days after sowing) that displayed reduction of disease incidence up to 83.77%, 54.48%, 70.76% and 71.45% respectively over control. While at 28 DAS, showedup to 82.82%, 71.92%, 84.72% and 68.39%, respectively, reduction of disease incidence over control. At 35 DAS, exhibited up to 79.91%, 73.18%, 81.32% and 73.44%, respectively, reduction of disease incidence over control. BARI-biofertilizer and IPM biopesticide increased fresh weight of plant, number of nodules per plant and fresh weight of nodules per plant.
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Background: Surgical outcome in patients with cervicalspondylotic myelopathy may affects by variety of factors.Different study outcome suggest that the number of symptomsand involved levels, symptom duration and posterior approachsignificantly increased with increasing age, whereaspreoperative Japanese Orthopedic Association scoredecreased among the different age groups.Objective: The goal of this study is to analyze the surgicaloutcome by comparing younger and elderly patient groups onthe basis of preoperative radiological and clinical data.Methods: To find out the surgical outcome the clinical andradiological data of 32 patients who underwent expansivelaminoplasty were reviewed after their surgery had beenperformed. All of the Patients were divided into two groups,group (a): younger patient group (<65 yr of age; n = 13) andan elderly patient group (≥65 yr of age; n = 19). Patients wereassessed by use of the Japanese Orthopaedic Associationscale (JOA) to know the neurological status of them. Computedtomographic myelography and magnetic resonance imagingexamined for radiological feature. Finally, the effects of theclinical and radio-logical findings on neurological outcome wereinvestigated.Results: The scores of preoperative and postoperative meanof (JOA) in elderly patients were significantly lower thanyounger patients. In the elderly patients cases, the transversearea of the spinal cord at the level of maximum compressionand symptom duration were the factors that predicted anexcellent recovery on the other hand the transverse area wasthe only predictor of excellent recovery in younger patients.Intensity change on the spinal cord and age, preoperativeJapanese Orthopaedic Association score, canal diameter werenot predictive in either age range.Conclusion: Both younger and elderly patient groups thetransverse area of the spinal cord may be a reliable predictor ofexcellent recovery. In case of elderly patients shorter symptomduration was an important factor in the excellent recovery.
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Objective:To better investigate the protective role of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and Cymbopogon schoenanthus (CS) extract against the potassium dichromate (PDC)-induced oxido-nitrosative nephrotoxic insult in the experimental rat model.Methods:Thirty male rats were randomly divided into five equal groups: The 1st group served as control; the 2Results:The PDC-induced nephrotoxic effect caused a depletion of renal oxidative scavengers glutathione, superoxide dismutase with consequent lipo-oxidative cellular membrane deterioration manifested by a rise in malonaldehyde, oxidized glutathione, myeloperoxidase and the concomitant increase in inflammatory response elements tumor necrosis factor α, nitric oxide, and interleukin 1 β. Moreover, the comet assay and increased 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine proved an accelerated apoptotic DNA fragmentation. These local renal changes were met with global altered blood biochemistry. The BCAAs and CS or their compiled administration showed an ameliorative effect against PDC-induced nephrotoxic in a synergistic pattern.Conclusions:Both BCAAs and CS or their combined administration afford potential competitors against renal insult induced by polyvalent anion pollutants in experimentally studied animals model. As a route for novel drug discovery, further investigation should be attempted to optimize their augmenting reno-protecting potential.
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Objective: To better investigate the protective role of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and Cymbopogon schoenanthus (CS) extract against the potassium dichromate (PDC)-induced oxido-nitrosative nephrotoxic insult in the experimental rat model. Methods: Thirty male rats were randomly divided into five equal groups: The 1st group served as control; the 2
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OBJECTIVE@#To compare the degree of ameliorative effects of Melatonin (MEL), Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and Balanites aegyptiaca (BA) against hepatotoxicity induced by MTX for one month.@*METHODS@#Eighty adult male rats (Sprague Dawely) weighing (190 ± 10 g), were randomly divided into eight equal groups: Control, MTX, MEL, BA, UDCA, MTX + MEL, MTX + BA, MTX + UDCA. Liver function biomarker enzymes, liver tissue oxidative stress parameters, together with total antioxidant capacity and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) were determined. Histopathological and immunohistochemistry examinations for TNF-α were also done.@*RESULTS@#MTX showed significant increase in alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), total and direct bilirubin, as well as TNF-α levels, oxidized glutathione (GSSG), malodialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO). Whereas total protein, albumin, total antioxidant capacity, reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) levels were significantly decreased in MTX treated group. These alterations were improved by MEL and BA treatment, whereas no improvement was noticed in UDCA treatment.@*CONCLUSIONS@#BA may be as promising as MEL in the hepatoprotection against MTX toxicity through their antioxidant and radical scavenging activities. In addition, it is not recommended to co-administer UDCA with MTX as it enhanced inflammation and damage to the liver.
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Objective To compare the degree of ameliorative effects of Melatonin (MEL), Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and Balanites aegyptiaca (BA) against hepatotoxicity induced by MTX for one month. Methods Eighty adult male rats (Sprague Dawely) weighing (190 ± 10 g), were randomly divided into eight equal groups: Control, MTX, MEL, BA, UDCA, MTX + MEL, MTX + BA, MTX + UDCA. Liver function biomarker enzymes, liver tissue oxidative stress parameters, together with total antioxidant capacity and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) were determined. Histopathological and immunohistochemistry examinations for TNF-α were also done. Results MTX showed significant increase in alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), total and direct bilirubin, as well as TNF-α levels, oxidized glutathione (GSSG), malodialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO). Whereas total protein, albumin, total antioxidant capacity, reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) levels were significantly decreased in MTX treated group. These alterations were improved by MEL and BA treatment, whereas no improvement was noticed in UDCA treatment. Conclusions BA may be as promising as MEL in the hepatoprotection against MTX toxicity through their antioxidant and radical scavenging activities. In addition, it is not recommended to co-administer UDCA with MTX as it enhanced inflammation and damage to the liver.
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Resveratrol (RSV) is a natural polyphenol with diverse biological activities, including potent hepato-protective and antidepressant-like effects. Fluoxetine (FLX) is one of the most commonly prescribed antidepressant drugs, however; it has recently been postulated to induce liver damage. The present study aimed to assess the benefits of combining half the conventional doses of RSV and FLX in an acute reserpine model of depression. Depression was induced in mice by a single i.p. reserpine injection. Oral administration of FLX (10 mg/kg), RSV (80 mg/kg) or their combination (FLX; 5 mg/kg and RSV; 40mg/kg) started one hour after reserpine injection and daily for the following two consecutive days. Behavioral tests were performed on the third day. Brain monoamines were assessed. Prevention of neurodegeneration and preservation potential of the DNA integrity were determined according to the brain nitric oxide and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine contents. Effect on oxidative stress in both brain and liver was evaluated. Results revealed that combining half the dose of FLX with RSV showed antidepressant activity that was comparable to the effect of using FLX alone and in conclusion; we recommend that further investigations should be conducted to assess the applicability of using combinations of RSV and FLX to treat depression.
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The goal of this study was to investigate the relationship between the pre-operative audiometric levels and CT findings, and the pathological changes observed during stapes surgery. Thirty consecutive patients with clinical diagnosis of fenestral otosclerosis were evaluated with High-resolution computed tomography [CT] and audiological tests. Twenty-six were diagnosed as having this disorder by CT evidence of abnormal bony excrescence at the oval window. The diagnosis was made upon examination of 1 mm thick targeted sections obtained at 1-mm intervals in the semi-axial with 250 of forward tilting projection. Coronal section were also included. A direct relationship was found between the size of the fenestral focus and the air-bone gap. However, the degree and extent of bony footplate ankylosis could not be reliably predicted by the size of the air-bone gap
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The aim of this work is to evaluate some new diagnostic modalities; D-dimer test, Duplex imaging and MR venography; for Deep Venous Thrombosis [DVT]. Thirty patients were included in this study with clinically suspected Dm. Full history taking and thorough clinical examination together with routine, Laboratory investigation, resting ECG, Trans- thoracic Echo-Doppler Murex D-dimer test and Duplex imaging were done for all patients. MR venography was done only for the 16 cases with the clinical pretest intermediate probability for DVT. The results of the present study showed that 20 cases showed positive duplex, 7 with popliteal, 7 fern oral and 6 cases with femoral and popliteal DVT. 19 cases showed positive D-dimer test Vs 11 with negative test. The 16 cases subjected to MR venography showed results coincide with same findings as Duplex apart from 3 cases in which soleal and ilia1 DVT not detected by Duplex study. Conclusion: From the results, it was found that: Duplex ultrasonography is now considered the diagnostic modality of choice in evaluation of the venous system of lower limbs. Because of its safety, accuracy, high specificity, sensitivity, and its availability, all these makes it a modality of choice. D-dimer test is specific degradation product of fibrin, in our study and other studies have shown its high sensitivity moderate specificity and high negative predictive value for suspected deep vein thrombosis. Its value varies from, one study to another according to the type of D-dimer assay used in the study. When D-dimer test combined with clinical pretest probability, its negative predictive value is markedly increased up to 100%. MR venography and Duplex sonography have been found to be identical for evaluation 01 DVT in venous system as regard of popliteal and femoral veins, but it is superior to Duplex study in evaluating venous system of the pelvis and iliac veins. Its availability, lack of operator experience and its cost limit its application. Recommendation: Duplex ultrasound is the diagnostic modality of choice for DVT of lower limbs and MR venography is preferable only in selected cases. D-dimer test when combined with clinical probability is a good negative test which can reduced the need for Duplex imaging
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The present study was designed to evaluate the results of different preoperative techniques for accurate localization of biliary tract injury. Thirty patients [21 females and 9 males] were included in this study. The clinical diagnosis was post operative bile duct injury. They presented mainly with jaundice, pain, dyspepsia, intermittent fever and other symptoms. Ultrasonography done to all patients, intrahepatic biliary radicle dilation, common bile duct dilatation and bile collection were evident findings. The accurate site of pathology was not clear in most of the cases. Percutaneous transhepatic [PTC] done for three patients with high serum bilirubin, after drainage PTC done. Intrahepatic biliary dilatation, proximal segment accurately localized. One patient developed biliary leakage. Retrograde cholangiopancreatography [ERCP] done for twenty patients, it clearly visualized the distal segment of the biliary tract. ERCP was helpful in diagnosis strictures. Failed cannulation occurred in five patients. Two patients developed cholangitis after ERCP. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography [MRCP] done to ten patients. The findings was clear where proximal and distal segments were delineated as well as the intrahepatic dilated biliary radicles. From this study it was concluded that diagnosis of biliary tract injury could start with ultrasonography examination, followed by MRCP to localize the site of the pathology and the proximal segment before biliary reconstruction
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Postoperative Complications/diagnosis , Signs and Symptoms , Biliary Tract/diagnostic imaging , Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde , Diagnostic Techniques and ProceduresABSTRACT
The present prospective study was designed to evaluate the effects of splenectomy and devascularization operation on the hemodynamics of portal circulation and the reliability of color Doppler ultrasonography as a non-invasive tool in the assessment of portal hemodynamics before and after the operation. Thirty patients [19 males and 11 females] with clinical diagnosis of portal hypertension and endoscopic evidence of oesophageal and/or gastric varices who underwent splenectomy and devascularization were included in this study. The mean age of the whole group was 32.12 +/- 1.8 years [range: 17-52 years]. Doppler scanning of the portal vein before and after the operation revealed a sign reduction in the maximum blood velocity postoperatively [mean 10.59 +/- 2.66 cm/sec. versus 12.51 +/- 3.16 cm/sec preoperatively], and a sign reduction in the volume blood flow postoperatively [mean 884.3 +/- 233.9 ml/mm. versus 1073.8 +/- 422.4 ml/mm., preoperatively], and insignificant change in the diameter. Also, the direction of blood flow was hepatopetal in all patients after operation, while it was bidirectional in. one patient and hepatopetal in 29 patients before operation. The study revealed a sign positive correlation between the size of the spleen and the decrease in the blood velocity and volume blood flow of the portal vein after operation. Also, there was a positively sign correlation between the presence of a history of injection sclerotherapy and the diameter and volume blood flow of the portal vein before the operation. From the present study, it was concluded that splenectomy and devascularization could be performed with extremely low mortality in selected elective patients, particularly the non alcoholic, with virtually no postoperative encephalopathy. This is in addition to the preservation of the vascular anatomy of the right upper quad rant for future use in potential liver transplant. The operation did not lead to complete disappearance of oesophageal varices, but sign reduction in their grades and injection sclerotherapy is recommended for variceal remenants. Based on the fact that there is a sign positive correlation between the size of the spleen and the decrease in the blood velocity and volume blood flow of portal vein after the operation, it is suggested that this splenic venous flow contributes, in part, to portal hypertension. The Doppler scanning is an ideal investigation for portal circulation, as it is noninvasive, cheap and provides accurate data about the velocity, volume flow, direction of blood flow and patency of portal circulation
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Splenectomy , Hemodynamics , Ultrasonography, Doppler , Portal Pressure , Esophageal and Gastric Varices , Liver Function Tests , Liver/pathology , Postoperative ComplicationsSubject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Ultrasonography , Enema , Signs and Symptoms , Barium , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
To assess the diagnostic and accuracy of sonohysterography [SMG], hysterosalpingography [HSG] and transvaginal ultrasonography [TVU] in the detection of uterine cavity abnormalities in patients with recurrent pregnancy loss. Hysteroscopy was the gold standard. Subjects and methods: Forty five patients with recurrent pregnancy loss underwent TVU, SHG and HSG. The results of each examination were compared with those obtained by hysteroscopy. There was tolal agreement between hysteroscopy and SHG in detecting submucous myoma, uterine malformation and intrauterine adhesions while sensitivity rates of TVU for these lesions were 57.1%, 66.7%, and 0% respectively and 100% sensitivity rates. For intrauterine polyp detection SHG had higher sensitivity [75%] than TVU [25%] and both procedures had 10[3% specificity rates, I-ISO had 100% accuracy for detection of uterine malformation, low PPV [46.15%] for diagnosis of sub-mucous myoma and polyps and low PPV [66.7%], for intrauterine adhesion detection, SHG is a method of choice for the diagnosis of intrauterine pathology in habitual abortion patients
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures , Hysterosalpingography , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
This study was conducted on 170 postmenopausal patients, their mean age, parity and weight were 58.7 +/- 5.4, 6.1 +/- 2.5 and 69.3 +/- 5.1 respectively. 158 [92.94%] of them had postmenopausal bleeding and or discharge which may be watery, serosanginous, purulent offensive or caseous. However 10 [5.9%] patients had pelviabdominal ovarian mass while2 [1.17%] patients had ulcer or mass in the vulva. Full history was taken, general, abdominal, local, bimanual examination was done, cervical and vaginal smear were taken by cytobrush and Colopscopic directed biopsy from suspicous area of the cervix was done. Full laboratory investigation was performed. Abdominal and vaginal Ultrasonography, CT scan, IVU and X-ray chest were done, fractional diagnostic curettage was done for all cases of post menopausal uterine bleeding and biopsy from vulval mass or ulcer was taken. Malignant ovarian tumors constitute 10 cases, 4 [2.34%], of them had papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma stage IC grade I and II, one [0.58%] case had malignant granulosa cell tumor stage Ic grade I, both type were treated by panhysterectomy total omentectomy, plevic and paraaortic Iymphadenectomy followed by four courses of [PAC] platinum, adriamycin and Cyclophosphamide 4 [2.34%] cases had papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma mucinous cystadenocarcinoma and endometrioid carcinoma stage IIIc grade III were treated by optimal debulking followed by six courses of PAC followed by recurrence in the pelvic colon with intestinal obstruction within 1.5 year from optimal debulking treated by resection with safty margin and colonic reanastomosis. One [0.58%] case had fibrosarcoma stage IIIc grade III treated by optimal debulking + Postoperative extended field abdominal and pelvic irradiation + multiple agent chemotherapy, followed by massive pelvic, intraperitoneal recurrence and distant pulmonary metastases and death after 6 month from optimal debulking. 127 [74.70%] patients had post menopausal uterine bleeding due to post menopausal uterine lesion presented as the following: 24 [14.1%] of them had atrophic endometrium and atrophic endometritis with severe menopausal symptoms treated by cyclic oestrogel and utrogestan for 6 month, 12 [7.05%] patients had proliferative endometrium treated symptomatically by cyclokapron/However hyperplastic proliferative endometrium and cystic glandular hyperplasia were present in 9 [5.29%] and 18 [10.58%] cases respectively and treated by cyclic provera tablet, for 3-6 month. While patients had atypical endometrial hyperplasia atypical endometrial hyperplasia with adenomyosis, hyperplastic proliferative endometrin with adenomyosis and uterine fibroid, cystic glandular hyperplasia with endometrial polyp and adenomyosis, proliferative endometrium with endometrial polyp and adenomyosis, secretory endometrium with adenomyosis, chronic endometritis with submucus fibroid and fibroid polyp and T.B. endometritis were present in 43 [25.29%] patients, all cases treated by panhysterectomy except the last one case treated by rimactazid and streptomycin. 21 [12.35%] patients had endometrial carcinoma, 17 of them had stage IA grade I and II and were treated by extrafascial hysterectomy + bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy + vaginal cuff, 3 [1.76%] patients had endometrial papillary serous carcinoma stage IIIC grade III were treated by panhysterectomy + bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy + omentectomy + pelvic and paraaortic irradiation + 6 courses of PAC chemotherapy, one [0.58%] case had carcinosarcoma stage IIIc grade III aged 70 year cachectic treated by panhysterectomy + external pelvic irradiation + PAC chemotherapy. 29 [17%] patients had postmenopausal cervical lesions, 18 [10.58%] of them had benign cervical polyp, 12 [7.05%] were cervical mucus polyp in which 4 of them had associated CIN II, however other 6 [3.52%] cases had endocervical fibroid polyp, all were treated by cervical polypecto my+ electrodiathermy cautery for CIN II. However 11[6.47%] patients had cervical carcinoma, 7 [4.11%] of them had non keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma stage IB-2A grade II, one [0.58%] case had endocervical adenocarcinoma stage 2A grade II, both were treated by Whertium radical hysterectomy + postoperative external pelvic irradiation, one [0.58%] case had stage IIIB grade III squamous cell carcinoma of the cervical stump treated by external pelvic irradiation + endovaginal irradiation, 2 [1.17%] cases had stage IVA grade III non eratinizing squamous cell carcinoma infiltrating the bladder were treated by anterior pelvic eccenteration + ileal condue. 2 [1.17%] patients had atrophic vaginitis and vaginal ulcers were treated by ovestin + utrogestan for 3-4 week. However 2 [1.17%] cases had stage II grade II squarnou5 cell carcinoma of the vulva were treated by radical vulvectomy + postoperative irradiation
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Postmenopause , Uterine Hemorrhage , Vaginal Discharge , Endometriosis , Uterine Neoplasms , Ovarian Neoplasms , IncidenceABSTRACT
High resolution ultrasonography of the neck and clinical assessment of 136 patients with neck swellings were reviewed to determine if there is a characteristic sonographic appearance for certain neck masses. Thirty two patients presented with submandibular swellings, 4 patients with parotid swellings, 22 patients with thyroid swellings, 46 patients with lymphadenopathy, 16 patients with thyroglossal cyst, 8 with bronchial cyst and 8 patients with miscellaneous neck swellings. Sonographic evaluation of different neck swellings is useful in demonstrating the location, extent and internal characteristics but also in certain entities accurate sonographic diagnosis
Subject(s)
Mass Screening , Diagnostic Imaging , Ultrasonography , Thyroid Gland , Lymph Nodes , Salivary GlandsABSTRACT
A series of one hundred severely closed head injured adult patients who were admitted to Benha University Hospitals were studied for mechanism of injury, presence of traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage [TSAH] on initial CAT scans and clinical course. The relation ship of each of these factors then correlated with the outcome. Favourable out came was highly evident in patients sustained nonmotorvehicle related injwy then these sustamied motor veluile related injwy [93% and 39% while mortalty was [4% and 37.5 respectively]. The presence of traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage [TSAH] on initial CAT scans has been shown to be associated with unfavourable outcome, it has been found that unfavourable outcome was 39% in survivals while mortality was 39%, but those with injury alone had 10% unfavourable outcome and mortality was 24%. The patients associated with prolonged coma had higher proportion of unfavourable outcome than those associated with short duration of coma [78% and 22% respectively]. The ultimate outcome of all the patients was 54% favourable and 18% unfavourable while mortality was 28%
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Signs and Symptoms , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Head Injuries, Closed , Glasgow Coma Scale , Treatment Outcome , MortalityABSTRACT
Transvaginal sonography [TVS] and hysteroscopy were compared with the histopathological results of the Dilatation and curretage [D and C] biopsies in 42 patients attending in Benha University Hospitals with postmenopausal bleeding. Endometrial lesions were detected by histopathology in 23 cases [54.8%], 17 of them were diagnosed by TVS and 14 from the remaining 19 normal atrophic endometrium were diagnosed by it. This gave a sensitivity and specificity of 73.9% and 73.7% respectively and a predictive value as a positive test, as a negative test and efficacy of 77.3%, 70.0% and 73.8% respectively. This efficacy could be increased to 81% by taking in account 5 mm of endometrial thickness as a cut - off level between normal and abnormal endomtetrium with significant difference [P<0.001]. Hysteroscopy diagnosed 18 cases from the 23 endometrial lesions which had been diagnosed by histopathology and 16 from the remaining 19 normal atrophic endometrium. This gave a sensitivity and specificity of 78.3% and 84.2%, respectively and a predicitive value as a positive test, as a negative test and efficacy of 85.7%, 76.2% and 8196 respectively. This study shows that TVS allows detection of an endometrial pathology in the vast majority of cases and as it is easy, relatively cheap, needs no anaethesia and non-invasive it can be used as the first diagnostic step in the investigations of women with postmenopausal bleeding to be supplemented, in the cases needed, by hysteroscopy and histopathological study of D and C biopsy. This will minimize cost, time and complications for the patient