Urinary Tract Infection in Children.

We selected the pediatric urinary tract infection related research and review articles in English language using keywords or phrases such as Infant; children; culture; Escherichia coli; fever, UTI. Aims: The purpose of this review is to provide summary of the latest research in particular to the practical aspects of management of UTI in children. Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is an important medical entity commonly diagnosed during early childhood. Prevalence and incidence of UTI varies with age and gender. UTI can be missed just on history and clinical examination. Screening of UTI in high risk children is important and should be well balanced against cost and risk of missing UTI. Despite latest evidence from research there are still controversies in managing UTI in children. Conclusion: Despite major advances in management of UTI in neonates and children, uniform guidelines for the imaging and management of recurrent UTI are lacking, prompting a multinational large research project to fill in the knowledge gap.

Simple mechanical thrombectomy with intrapulmonary arterial thrombolysis in pulmonary thromboembolism:a small case series / 老年心脏病学杂志（英文版）

Pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) is a life-threatening condition with a high early mortality rate caused by acute right ventricular failure and cardiogenic shock. We report a series of three patients who presented with acute and subacute submassive PTE. They were suc-cessfully treated by simple catheter-based mechanical thrombectomy and intrapulmonary arterial thrombolysis. Mechanical fragmentation and aspiration of thrombus was performed by commonly used J-wire, multi-purpose and Judkin Right guiding catheters and this obviated the need of specific thrombectomy devices.

Frequency of risk factors in acute coronary syndrome

To measure the frequency of risk factors in patients of ACS, Observational descriptive study. It was conducted in the'emergency department of Nishtar Hospital Multan from January 2008 to January 2009. Consecutive 400 patients who presented with history of chest pain were enrolled in the study. These patients underwent clinical examination, ECG and Trop T testing, Patients were inquired about the risk factors by the help of a Proforma. STEMI was the most common diagnosis [66.7%]. One or more risk factors were present in each patient; Hypertension [37.2%], Smoking history [50.1%], Diabetes Mellitus [29.2%], Family history [41.5%] and sedentary habits [33.2%].Hypertension and smoking are most common risk factors in patients with ACS

Frequency of esophageal varices in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding

To calculate the frequency of esophageal varices in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. It is a cross sectional study. One hundred patients of upper Gl bleeding were included in the study. After initial history and clinical examination, upper Gl endoscopy was performed to assess the cause of bleeding and all the relevant data was entered in the specific proforma designed by authors. One hundred patients [56 male and 44 females] of upper Gl hemorrhage were included. Fifty three patients had esophageal varices while 12 patients had duodenal ulcer, 14 had gastric ulcer, 16 had Gastroduodenal erosions, two patients had erosive esophagitis, one patient had Mallory Weiss tear, one had gastric carcinoma and one had coagulopathy. Esophageal varices are the most common cause of upper Gl bleeding in this area where this study was conducted

Frequency of ABO blood groups among medical students

To find out the frequency of ABO blood groups among medical students. Cross sectional study. At the Department of Physiology and Medicine at Nishtar Medical College [NMC] Multan, from March 2008 to May 2008. All the medical students of the first year were included in the study. Blood was collected by finger prick method. A drop of monoclonal anti-A, anti-B was added to a drop of finger prick blood on clean glass slide and mixed well. Results of agglutination were recorded immediately. There were a total of 221 students of whom 106 were females and 115 males. Frequency of different blood groups were as follows; A: 31.3%, AB: 6.7%, B: 42.1% and O: 29.9%. The distribution of blood groups among females [F] and males [M] was as follows: Group A: 46.8% F, 53.2% M; Group AB: 13.3% F, 86.7% M; Group B: 55.9% F, 44.1% M and Group O: 45.5% F, 54.5% M. The study showed that blood group B was more common among the students