ABSTRACT
Chinese herbal medicinal formulation Yinzhihuang injection is widely used in clinic for jaundice and chronic liver diseases in eastern Asian countries. However, the pharmacologically active components and the underlying mechanism are unclear. In this study, 30 male ICR mice were randomly assigned into 6 groups： normal control, model control, chlorogenic acid group, geniposide group, baicalin group and wogonoside group. The liver function, liver pathological changes and bile acid metabolism-related gene expression in mice were assayed. The serum levels of ALT, AST, ALP, TBA in chlorogenic acid group (15.89±2.53), (18.32±2.56), (26.38±9.87) U•L⁻¹, (40.63±7.67) μmol•L⁻¹, respectively and geniposide group (20.54±2.36), (24.28±5.19), (35.09±5.03) U•L⁻¹, (42.86±7.11) μmol•L⁻¹, respectively were lower than those in the model control group (59.52±10.94), (128.37±17.97),(169.52±9.62) U•L⁻¹, (132.50±33.00) μmol•L⁻¹, respectively. Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed necrosis, infiltration of inflammation cell in chlorogenic acid group and geniposide group were milder than those in the model control group. Q-PCR analysis revealed the expression of bile acid metabolism-related genes was normalized after treatment with chlorogenic acid or geniposide. Chlorogenic acid and geniposide improved the liver injury and cholestasis effectively, and reversed the mRNA expression of bile acid metabolism-related genes induced by ANIT. So, chlorogenic acid and geniposide were protective for cholestasis, suggesting their pharmacodynamic effect in Yinzhihuang injection.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Female genital malformations represent miscellaneous deviations from normal anatomy. This study aimed to explore the clinical characteristics of patients who underwent surgery for genital tract malformations at Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) during a 31-year period.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We retrospectively reviewed surgical cases of congenital malformation of the female genital tract at PUMCH for a 31-year period, analyzed the clinical characteristics of 1634 hospitalized patients, and investigated their general condition, diagnosis, and treatment process.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The average patient age was 27.6 ± 9.9 years. The average ages of patients who underwent surgery for uterine malformation and vaginal malformation were 31.9 ± 8.8 years and 24.7 ± 9.0 years, respectively; these ages differed significantly (P < 0.01). Among patients with genital tract malformation, the percentages of vaginal malformation, uterine malformation, vulva malformation, cervical malformation, and other malformations were 43.9%, 43.5%, 7.4%, 2.3%, and 2.8%, respectively. Among patients with uterine malformation, 34.5% underwent surgery for the genital tract malformation, whereas in patients with vaginal malformation, the proportion is 70.6%; the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.01). The percentage of complications of the urinary system in patients with vaginal malformations was 10.2%, which was statistically significantly higher than that (5.3%) in patients with uterine malformations (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Compared to patients with uterine malformations, patients with vaginal malformations displayed more severe clinical symptoms, a younger surgical age, and a greater need for attention, early diagnosis, and treatment. Patients with genital tract malformations, particularly vaginal malformations, tend to have more complications of the urinary system and other malformations than patients with uterine malformations.</p>