Histological and cytogebitical students on the role of alpha-lipoic acid against tetrachloroethane induced toxicity on testis and chromosomes of somatic and germ cells in mice

Tetrachloroethane [TTCE] a widely used industrial solvent causes damage to different organs via its free radicals production. The aim of this study was to detect the possible role of alpha-lipoic acid, being a natural antioxidant, against the TTCE-induced testicular and chromosomal toxicity in mice. Eighty male mice were classified into eight equal groups. Groups I, II and III were considered as control groups. Mice of Groups IV and V received alp ha-lipoic acid and TTCE respectively orally for 15 consecutive days. Mice of Groups VI, VII and VIII received three regimens of alph a-lipoic acid and tetrachloroethane [pre-, co-and post-tetrachloroethane,] at the same dose, route and duration for each. Three days following the last dose, half number of animals of all experimental groups was injected with cholchicine intraperitonealy to arrest the cell division. Two hours later, they were sacrificed for testicular histological examination and preparation of somatic and germ celI chromosomes. The other half number of the animals was sacrificed 35 days after the last dose of tested materials for sperm smear preparation. TTCE resulted in variable degrees of degenerative changes of time cells lining somniferous tubules, partial or complete absence of spermatids and mature sperms together with an increase in the mean value of sperm abnormalities. It also caused significant increase in the frequency of total chromosomal aberrations in both somatic and germ cells. Administration of alpha-lipoic acid in different manners resulted in a noticeable improvement of the degenerative testicular and chromosomal effects induced by TTCE. In conclusion, alpha-lipoic acid has an ameliorating role against TTCE-induced toxicity of testis and chromosomes

Could cinnamaldehyde be harnful? histological, cytogenetical and biochemical studies on the effects on some organs of mice

Cinnamaldehyde [CNMA] is present naturally as cinnamon tree. Because of its widespread use as fragrance additive, it was chosen for the current study. Sixty mice were divided into 6 equal groups. First three groups were control groups and the other three groups received CNMA daily, orally in three dose regimens; 1/2 LD50, 1/4 LD50 and 1/8 LD50 for 30 consecutive days, then animals were sacrificed; Liver function tests and liver tissue glutathione concentration were determined. Pancreatic specimens and olfactory mucosa were processed for both light and transmission electron microscopic studies and for scanning electron microscopic study respectively. Bone marrow cells micronucleus and chromosomal aberration tests were performed for cytogenetical study. cinnamaldehyde, in a dose related manner resulted in abnormal nuclear morphology and hyperchromatasia with increased nuclear/cytoplasinic ratio of the pancreatic acinar cells and decreased tendency for acinar formation, suggesting pancreatic acinar dysplasia. Atrophy of receptor cells of olfactory mucosa with diminished surface processes was observed in mice received 1/2 LD50 cNMA. cinnamaldehyde induced dose dependent increase in the frequency of both micro nucleated polychromatic erythrocytes and chromosomal aberrations. Significant elevation of the liver enzymes, total bilirubin and a significant reduction of the liver glutathione concentration were also detected in a dose related manner in conclusion, the considered toxicity assay parameters had shown a correlation between the administered dose of CNMA and its deteriorative effects. So, it is recommended that CNMA should not be consumed in a dose more than the acceptable daily intake and its use as flavoring agent should be kept as low as possible

Genotoxicity of ranitidine-Hcl histochemical cytogenetical and teratological study

Ranitidine-HCl is widely prescribed by Egyptian physicians as an acid-supperssing medication in patients with some gastrointestinal diseases. It is frequently continued when symptoms persist. The genotoxicity of ranitidine is controversial. In the present study, its genotoxicity was assessed after drenching pregnant mice [from the 6[th]-15[th] day of gestation] saline, half therapeutic, therapeutic or double therapeutic doses of ranitidine. Teratogenicity in the offspring were detected. Chromosomal aberration were assessed in bone marrow cells of the mothers, and the embryonic cells of the 18-day embryos. The DNA frequency distribution in mother's hepatocytes and placenta were measured and statistically analyzed. Teratogenic study indicated that ranitidine causes a dose related decrease in body weight and skeletal size. The cytogenetic data indicates that ranitidine administration results in a dose dependent increase in the total aberration in both mothers and embryos. The rate of increase in polyploidy in relation to the dose is higher in mothers than embryos. The frequency distribution of DNA in hepatocytes of pregnant mice shows that the population of cells in the sub G2 representing apoptotic cells, hyper G2 representing S-hase and aneupoloid cells, and polyploid cells are increasing in dose dependent fashion. Such changes were less pronounced in the cells of the placenta. In conclusion, oral administration of ranitidine-HCl results in genotoxic features especially in adult pregnant mice

Modulatory effect of a combination of vitamin D3 and propolis against glucocorticoid drug [Dexamethasone] genotoxicity in male rats

Dexamethasone, a synthetic glucocorticoid anti-inflammatory drug, has been reported to be mutagenic and clastogenic. In the present study, the competence of a combination of two antimutagenic agents [vitamin D3 and propolis] on the repair of the genetic damage induced by dexamethasone in male rat somatic and germ cells was evaluated. The results showed that i.m. infection of dexamethasone revealed a highly significant enhancement in the frequencies of total chromosomal aberrations [CAs] in somatic and germ cells of male rats when compared with the control group. Meanwhile, the supplementation of a combination of vitamin D3 and propolis concurrently with glucocorticoid drug [dexamethasone] exhibited a significant decrease in the frequency of total chromosomal aberrations in bone marrow cells and in the spermatogonial cells when compared with that of the dexamethasone group

Micronuclei induction by some anthelmintic drugs in male mice

This work aimed to evaluate the ability of anthelmintic drugs [albendazole, oxfendazole, levamisole and ivermectin] to induce genotoxicity in mice. Micronucleus test was performed in bone marrow cells of male mice treated with the maximum tolerated dose of each drug tested at 24, 48, 72 hours after treatment. The results indicated that all tested drugs, except levamisole, were induced statistically significant increase in the number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes [MNPCEs] at 72 hours, after treatment over than the negative control. Also, results showed that there are statistically significant differences between both of albendazole, ivermectin, levamisole and the positive control. In contrast, there were no statistically significant differences between oxfendazole and the positive control. This indicated that oxfendazole is the more sensitive drug to induce MNPCEs in mice bone marrow cells. It was concluded that the over dose use of that anthelmintic drugs may caused genotoxic effect for human