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Objective@#To analyze the epidemiological history, clinical manifestations, treatment and the short-term prognosis of 31 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV) infection in children from six provinces (autonomous region) in northern China.@*Methods@#A retrospective analysis of the epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, signs, laboratory examinations, chest imaging, treatment and the short-term prognosis of 31 cases of 2019-nCoV was conducted. The patients were diagnosed between January 25th, 2020 and February 21st, 2020 in 21 hospitals in 17 cities of six provinces(autonomous region) of Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Hebei, Henan and Shandong.@*Results@#The age of the 31 children with 2019-nCoV infection was 7 years and 1 month (6 months -17 years). Nine cases (29%) were imported cases. Other 21 cases (68%) had contact with confirmed infected adults. One case (3%) had contact with asymptomatic returnees from Wuhan. Among the 31 children, 28 patients (90%) were family cluster cases. The clinical types were asymptomatic type in 4 cases (13%), mild type in 13 cases (42%), and common type in 14 cases (45%). No severe or critical type existed. The most common symptom was fever (n=20, 65%), including 1 case of high fever, 9 cases of moderate fever, 10 cases of low fever. Fever lasted from 1 day to 9 days. The fever of fifteen cases lasted for ≤3 d, while in other 5 cases lasted > 3 d. Other symptoms included cough (n=14, 45%), fatigue (n=3, 10%) and diarrhea (n=3, 9%). Pharyngalgia, runny nose, dizziness, headache and vomiting were rare. In the early stage, the total leukocytes count in peripheral blood decreased in 2 cases (6%), the lymphocytes count decreased in 2 cases (6%), and the platelet count increased in 2 cases (6%).Elevation of C-reactive protein (10%, 3/30), erythrocyte sedimentation rate(19%,4/21), procalcitonin(4%,1/28), liver enzyme(22%, 6/27) and muscle enzyme (15%, 4/27) occurred in different proportions. Renal function and blood glucose were normal. There were abnormal chest CT changes in 14 cases, including 9 cases with patchy ground glass opacities and nodules, mostly located in the lower lobe of both lungs near the pleural area. After receiving supportive treatment, the viral nucleic acid turned negative in 25 cases within 7-23 days. Among them, 24 children (77%) recovered and were discharged from hospital. No death occurred.@*Conclusions@#In this case series, 2019-nCoV infections in children from six provinces (autonomous region) in northern China are mainly caused by close family contact. Clinical types are asymptomatic, mild and common types. Clinical manifestations and laboratory examination results are nonspecific. Close contact history of epidemiology, nucleic acid detection and chest imaging are important bases for diagnosis. After general treatment, the short-term prognosis is good.
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Objective To analyze the characteristics of respiratory diseases and to provide scientific basis for developing relevant control measures.Methods 1 300 children with respiratory diseases were treated in hospitals,from Jan.2013 to May 2014,in the city of Jinan.Characteristics of respiratory diseases were analyzed.Results The distribution of respiratory diseases in children appeared as:373 cases of pneumonia (28.7％),3 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis (0.2％),467 cases of acute bronchitis (35.9％),102 cases of asthma (7.8％),and 355 cases of upper respiratory tract infection (27.3％).The upper respiratory tract infection contained 168 cases of tonsillitis (12.9％),91 cases of pharyngitis (7.0％),52 cases of laryngitis (4.0％) and 44 cases of iaryngopharyngitis (3.4％).The age distribution of cases with children respiratory diseases appeared as:71 cases ＜ 1 years old (5.5％),385 cases as 1-2 years old (29.6％),534 cases as 3-6 years old (41.1％),258 cases as 7-12 years old (19.8％) and 52 cases as ＞13 years old (4.0％).The seasonal distribution of children respiratory diseases appeared as:364 cases in Spring (28.0％),163 cases in summer (12.5％),315 cases in autumn (24.2％) and 458 cases in winter (35.2％).Regional distribution of children respiratory diseases appeared as:516 cases in urban area (39.7％),225 cases in suburb (17.3％),376 cases in townships (28.9％) and 183 in villages (14.1％).725 strains were isolated and identified that containing 349 strains (48.1％) of Mycoplasma pneumoniae,136 strains (18.8％) of Haemophilus influenza,103 strains (14.2％) of Streptococcus pneumoniae,82 strains (11.3％) of Klebsiella pneumoniae,38 strains (5.2％) of Acinetobacter baumannii,35 strains(4.8％) of Enterobacter cloacae,22 strains (3.0％) of Streptococcus pyogenes,17 strains (2.3％) of Alcaligenes,16 strains (2.2％ of Candida albicans) and 9 strains (1.2％) of Flavobacterium indologenes.1 288 cases (99.1％) were cured.Conclusion The common respiratory diseases would include bronchiolitis,pneumonia and upper respiratory tract infections in children,mostly attacking 3-6 year-olds at preschool stage,with spring,winter,urban and township as the prevalent seasons and areas.
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Objective To investigate the effect of early intervention on general movements (GM) in preterm infants during fidgety move-ment. Methods 315 preterm infants during fidgety movement period were divided into intervention group (n=160) and control group (n=155). The intervention group accepted very early intervention program consisted of hospital intervention and family intervention, and the control group accepted routine treatment and nursing. The incidences of different kinds of GMs were compared. Results There is no statisti-cal difference (χ2=0.641, P=0.726) in writhing movement before intervention, and the fidgety movement presented more in the intervention group than in the control group (χ2=8.710, P=0.003), while the absence of fidgety movement was significantly fewer (χ2=5.685, P=0.017) af-ter intervention. Conclusion Very early intervention can reduce the incidence of absence of fidgety movement and improve fidgety move-ment.
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Objective To investigate the effects of a highly selective dopamine D4 receptor (ABT-724)on behaviors in Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR),a rat model of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Methods After intervention of methylphenidate(5mg/kg) and three different doses of ABT-724(0.04mg/kg,0.16mg/kg,0.64mg/kg),behaviors of SHR were verified by open-field test,Morris water maze and Làt maze.Results Number of square crossing after intervention of methylphenidate and ABT-724 in SHR( 70.67 ± 8.59,76.50 ± 10.75,79.17 ± 10.44,65.67 ± 20.62) was less than the saline control group( 130.33 ± 1 1.40) (P＜0.05).During Morris water maze,SHRs(52.50 ± 4.04,52.17 ± 2.99,61 ± 8.15,53.83 ± 9.87 ) after intervention of both had a better spatial memory ability than control group(38.83 ±7.17) (P＜0.05).In Làt maze,number of rearing after intervention of both in SHRs(57.17 ± 5.67,60.83 ± 8.28,55.17 ± 9.45,65.33 ± 9.50 ) was less than saline control group(78.00 ± 13.84) (P＜0.05).Conclusion ABT-724 could improve behaviors of spontaneous locomotor activity,cognitive ability,non-selective attention in SHR.