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1.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 64(7): 649-657, July 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-976833

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the harmonic scalpel compared to the conventional technique in patients submitted to total thyroidectomy. METHOD: This is a systematic review with inclusion of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared both techniques. An electronic search was carried out in the Medline and Lilacs databases until June 2017. The outcomes analysed were operation time, intraoperative bleeding, surgical morbidity, and costs. RESULTS: Data from 31 primary studies were included. The use of the harmonic scalpel correlates to a shorter operation time (p <0.001) and a lower volume of intraoperative bleeding (p <0.001). There were no differences in the risk of transient (p = 0.53) and permanent (p = 0.70) hypocalcaemia, transient (p = 0.61) and permanent (p = 0.50) dysfunctions of the inferior laryngeal nerve and hematoma (p = 0.14). CONCLUSION: Total thyroidectomy using a harmonic scalpel is effective and safe compared to the conventional technique.


Subject(s)
Humans , Surgical Instruments/economics , Thyroidectomy/instrumentation , Ultrasonic Surgical Procedures/instrumentation , Hemostasis, Surgical/instrumentation , Thyroidectomy/economics , Ultrasonic Therapy , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Blood Loss, Surgical/prevention & control , Operative Time , Hemostasis, Surgical/economics
2.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 62(3): 243-247, May-June 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-784316

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY Introduction: Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a bad prognostic factor in patients with liver cirrhosis and its incidence is associated with several triggering factors being the most prevalent gastrointestinal bleeding. Lactulose, despite its questionable efficacy in the literature, is considered a first line treatment in patients with HE. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of lactulose in preventing HE in cirrhotic patients with gastrointestinal bleeding. Method: A systematic review of the literature using the Medline scientific database. Only randomized controlled clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of lactulose for HE prophylaxis in cirrhotic patients with gastrointestinal bleeding were included. Results: The incidence of HE in the intervention group was 7%, while the control group was 26% (p=0.01). There was no significant difference in the incidence of mortality in the group treated with lactulose compared to the group that was not treated (p=0.48). Conclusion: Administering lactulose to cirrhotic patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding reduces the incidence of hepatic encephalopathy.


RSUMO Introdução: encefalopatia hepática (EH) é fator de mau prognóstico no paciente com cirrose hepática e sua incidência está associada a vários fatores desencadeantes, sendo a hemorragia digestiva o mais prevalente. A lactulose, apesar de apresentar eficácia discutível na literatura, é considerada tratamento de primeira linha em pacientes com EH. Objetivo: avaliar a eficácia da lactulose na prevenção de EH em pacientes cirróticos apresentando hemorragia digestiva. Método: realizou-se revisão sistemática da literatura pela base de dados Medline. Foram incluídos apenas ensaios clínicos controlados e randomizados que avaliaram a eficácia da lactulose na profilaxia de EH em pacientes cirróticos com hemorragia digestiva. Resultados: a incidência de EH no grupo intervenção foi de 7% enquanto no grupo controle foi de 26% (p=0,01). Não houve diferença significante na incidência de mortalidade entre o grupo que recebeu lactulose e o que não recebeu (p=0,48). Conclusão: a administração de lactulose em pacientes cirróticos apresentando hemorragia digestiva alta diminui a incidência de encefalopatia hepática.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Gastrointestinal Agents/therapeutic use , Hepatic Encephalopathy/prevention & control , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/drug therapy , Lactulose/therapeutic use , Liver Cirrhosis/drug therapy , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Hepatic Encephalopathy/mortality , Reproducibility of Results , Treatment Outcome , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/mortality , Liver Cirrhosis/mortality
3.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 59(4): 387-391, jul.-ago. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-685532

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Verificar a eficácia da dexametasona na profilaxia de náuseas e vômitos em pacientes submetidos à colecistectomia laparoscópica. MÉTODOS: Revisão sistemática da literatura através das bases de dados MEDLINE, EMBASE e LILACS. Foram incluídos apenas ensaios clínicos controlados e randomizados que compararam a dexametasona ao placebo na profilaxia de náusea e vômito em pacientes submetidos à colecistectomia laparoscópica. RESULTADOS: Os resultados desta revisão basearam-se em dados de 12 ensaios clínicos controlados e randomizados, totalizando 947 pacientes. O grupo de pacientes que recebeu dexametasona pré-operatória apresentou menor incidência de náusea (NNT = 7), de vômito (NNT = 7) e de necessidade de antieméticos de resgate (NNT = 6). CONCLUSÃO: A infusão pré-operatória de 8 mg de dexametasona diminui o risco de complicações no pós-operatório de pacientes submetidos à colecistectomia laparoscópica.


OBJECTIVE: To verify the efficacy of dexamethasone in the prophylaxis of nausea and vomiting Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients submitted to laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Cholelithiasis METHODS: This was a systematic review of the literature through the MEDLINE, Embase, and Dexamethasone LILACS databases. Only controlled and randomized clinical trials comparing dexamethasone Postoperative nausea and vomiting to placebo in the prophylaxis of nausea and vomiting in patients submitted to laparoscopic cholecystectomy were included. RESULTS: The results of this review were based on data from 12 controlled and randomized clinical trials, totaling 947 patients. The group of patients who received preoperative dexamethasone showed lower incidence of nausea (number needed to treat [NNT] = 7), vomiting (NNT = 7), and need for smaller doses of rescue antiemetics (NNT = 6). CONCLUSION: The preoperative infusion of 8 mg of dexamethasone decreases the risk of complications in the postoperative period for patients submitted to laparoscopic cholecystectomy.


Subject(s)
Humans , Antiemetics/therapeutic use , Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic/adverse effects , Dexamethasone/therapeutic use , Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting/prevention & control , Postoperative Period , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Treatment Outcome
4.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 89(1): 18-24, jan.-fev. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-668821

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Elucidar os benefícios do uso de probióticos na prevenção de enterocolite necrosante (ECN) e de suas complicações em recém-nascidos prematuros. MÉTODO: Revisão sistemática de ensaios clínicos randomizados, que incluiu pesquisas efetuadas em três bases de dados (MEDLINE, EMBASE e LILACS), utilizando a combinação dos termos (necrotizing enterocolitis) AND (probiotics). RESULTADOS : Foram incluídos 11 ensaios clínicos randomizados, totalizando 2.887 pacientes, sendo 1.431 no grupo Probiótico e 1.456 no grupo Controle. Houve redução na incidência de ECN (NNT = 25), de morte global (NNT = 34) e sepse neonatal (NNT = 34) no grupo Probiótico em relação ao grupo Controle. Pacientes alimentados com suplementação de probióticos tiveram tempo de reintrodução alimentar (p < 0,001) e de hospitalização (p < 0,001) menor quando comparados aos que não receberam. Não houve diferença na mortalidade causada por ECN. CONCLUSÃO: Em recém-nascidos prematuros, o uso de probióticos é eficaz na profilaxia de ECN e de suas complicações.


OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the benefits of using probiotics in the prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and its complications in preterm newborns. METHOD: This was a systematic review of randomized controlled trials, which included studies retrieved from three databases (MEDLINE, Embase, and LILACS), using a combination of the terms (necrotizing enterocolitis) AND (probiotics). RESULTS: 11 randomized trials were included, totaling 2,887 patients, 1,431 in the probiotic group and 1,456 in the control group. There was a reduction in the incidence of NEC (NNT = 25), overall death (NNT = 34), and neonatal sepsis (NNT = 34) in the probiotic group compared to the control group. Patients that received probiotic supplementation had lower food reintroduction time (p < 0.001) and hospitalization time (p < 0.001) when compared to those not receiving probiotics. There was no difference in mortality caused by NEC. CONCLUSION: In premature newborns, the use of probiotics is effective as a prophylaxis for NEC and its complications.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Enterocolitis, Necrotizing/prevention & control , Infant, Premature , Probiotics/therapeutic use , Enteral Nutrition/statistics & numerical data , Enterocolitis, Necrotizing/mortality , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Infant, Very Low Birth Weight , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Sepsis/epidemiology
5.
Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 78(6): 94-98, nov.-dez. 2012. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-660418

ABSTRACT

A fístula faringocutânea (FFC) é a complicação mais comum após a laringectomia total. OBJETIVOS: Estabelecer a incidência dessa complicação e analisar seus fatores predisponentes. MÉTODO: Este estudo é uma coorte histórica transversal que incluiu 94 pacientes submetidos à laringectomia total. Os seguintes aspectos foram relacionados ao surgimento de FFC: gênero, idade, sítio do tumor, estadiamento patológico conforme o TNM, o tipo de esvaziamento cervical realizado, radioterapia e traqueostomia prévias e o uso de grampeador para fechamento faríngeo. Nos casos de FFC, considerou-se o dia pós-operatório de seu diagnóstico, duração e abordagem terapêutica. RESULTADOS: FFC foi diagnosticada em 20 pacientes (21,3%). Houve incidência significativamente maior na de FFC no estadiamento T4 comparado com T2/T3 (p = 0,03). Os demais aspectos não apresentaram diferença estatística. Entretanto, 40,9% dos pacientes que se submeteram à traqueostomia prévia desenvolveram fístula, contra 21,1% dos pacientes fora dessa condição. CONCLUSÕES: Estadiamento avançado do tumor primário é um fator prognóstico para FFC.


Pharyngocutaneous fistula (PCF) is the most common complication after total laryngectomy. OBJECTIVES: To establish the incidence of this complication and to analyze the predisposing factors. METHOD: This is a cross-sectional study of a historical cohort including 94 patients who underwent total laryngectomy. The following aspects were correlated to the occurrence of PCF: gender, age, tumor site, TNM staging, type of neck dissection, previous radiation therapy, previous tracheotomy, and use of stapler for pharyngeal closure. The following were considered in PCF cases: the day into postoperative care when the fistula was diagnosed, duration of occurrence, and proposed treatment. RESULTS: Twenty (21.3%) patients had PCF. The incidence of PCF was statistically higher in T4 tumors when compared to T2 and T3 neoplasms (p = 0.03). The other analyzed correlations were not statistically significant. However, 40.9% of the patients submitted to tracheostomy previously had fistulae, against 21.1% of the patients not submitted to this procedure. CONCLUSION: Advanced primary tumor staging is correlated with higher incidences of PCF.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cutaneous Fistula/etiology , Fistula/etiology , Laryngectomy/adverse effects , Pharyngeal Diseases/etiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/surgery , Laryngeal Neoplasms/surgery , Risk Factors
6.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 58(3): 319-322, May-June 2012. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-639555

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a eficácia da associação de corticoide ao tratamento padrão da meningite bacteriana em pacientes pediátricos. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se revisão sistemática da literatura através da base de dados MEDLINE. Foram incluídos apenas ensaios clínicos controlados e randomizados que comparassem a dexametasona ao placebo no tratamento de pacientes pediátricos com meningite bacteriana. RESULTADOS: Oito artigos preencheram os critérios de inclusão e foram selecionados para análise. Não houve diferença nas taxas de mortalidade (p = 0,86) ou de incidências de sequelas neurológicas (p = 0,41) e audiológicas (p = 0,48) entre os grupos. CONCLUSÃO: Não existem benefícios na associação de corticoide ao tratamento da meningite bacteriana em pacientes pediátricos.


OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of the association of corticosteroids and the standard treatment of bacterial meningitis in pediatric patients. METHODS: A systematic review of the literature was conducted through the MEDLINE database. Only randomized controlled trials comparing dexamethasone with placebo in the treatment of pediatric patients with bacterial meningitis were included. RESULTS: Eight articles met the inclusion criteria and were selected for analysis. There were no difference in mortality (p = 0.86), and incidence of neurological (p = 0.41) and auditory (p = 0.48) sequelae between the groups. CONCLUSION: There are no benefits in associating corticosteroids with the standard treatment of bacterial meningitis in pediatric patients.


Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Dexamethasone/administration & dosage , Glucocorticoids/administration & dosage , Meningitis, Bacterial/drug therapy , Drug Therapy, Combination/methods , Meningitis, Bacterial/complications , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Treatment Outcome
8.
Rev. bras. cir. cabeça pescoço ; 39(3)jul.-set. 2010. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-570090

ABSTRACT

Introdução: A metástase cervical de origem desconhecidaé um problema raro, cuja gestão continua a ser um desafiodiagnóstico e terapêutico. Objetivo: Nosso objetivo é analisarretrospectivamente os resultados e fatores prognósticos nestegrupo de pacientes. Método: Um total de 22 pacientes foiretrospectivamente estudado. Foram considerados gênero,idade, hábitos de tabagismo e etilismo, nível cervical da doença,estádio segundo o TNM, sintomas, tempo das queixas, achadoshistológicos, dose de radioterapia, incidência da recidiva dotumor e a evolução da doença. Foram realizados esvaziamentocervical radical modificado e radioterapia adjuvante. Resultados:A idade media foi 62.5 anos, e a proporção homem: mulher foi10:1. Doze pacientes foram estadiados como N2a. O nível II foia única região com linfonodos metástáticos em 17 pacientes.Foi detectado carcinoma espinocelular em 18 casos. Durantea cirurgia foi encontrada invasão extracapsular grosseira em 9pacientes, enquanto invasão extracapsular microscópica foiencontrada em 10 amostras de exames anatomopatológicos.Todos os pacientes foram submetidos à radioterapia adjuvante.O sítio do tumor primário foi encontrado durante o seguimento em3 pacientes. Cinco pacientes desenvolveram metástase cervicalrecorrente e seis pacientes apresentaram metástases à distância.Dois pacientes desenvolveram segundo tumor primário. A taxa desobrevida global em 5 anos foi de 22,7% e a sobrevida específicada doença foi de 36,4%.


Introduction: Cervical metastasis of unknown origin is a rareproblem whose management remains a diagnostic and therapeuticchallenge. Objective: Our aim is to analyse retrospectively theresults and prognostic factors in such a group of patients. Method:A total of 22 patients were retrospectively studied. Gender, age,smoking and drinking habits, cervical level of disease, stageaccording to TNM, symptoms, time of complaints, histologicalfindings, radiation therapy dose, incidence of tumor recurrence,and course of the disease were considered. Radical modifiedneck dissection and adjuvant radiation therapy were performed.Results: The mean age was 62.5, and the men:women ratio was10:1. Twelve patients were staged as N2a. Level II was the onlyregion of metastatic node in 17 patients. Squamous cell carcinomawas detected in 18 cases. Gross extracapsular invasion of thelymph node was found in 9 patients during the surgery, whilemicroscopic extracapsular invasion was found in 10 pathologicalspecimens. All the patients underwent adjuvant radiation therapy.The site of the primary tumors was found during the follow-up in3 patients. Five patients developed recurrent cervical metastasisand 6 patients presented distant metastasis. Two patientsdeveloped second primary tumor. The overall 5-year survival ratewas 22.7% and the disease specific survival was 36.4%.

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