ABSTRACT
Pregnancy is a special state which is related to emotional and physiological changes of different parts of the body including oral cavity. Gingival and periodontal changes during pregnancy have been well-documented. Hormonal changes due to fluctuations in levels of estrogen and progesterone in the body during pregnancy make the woman more susceptible to oral infections and gum diseases and these dental problems not only affect expectant mothers but also the developing baby. A cluster sampling technique was used and 200 pregnant women attending department of obstetrics and gynecology, Baqai Hospital, Nazimabad and Fatima Hospital, Baqai Medical University were recruited. The age of the women ranged from 18 to 35 years. The sample size was calculated by taking 85% prevalence rate and computed using Open Epi [version 3.01] at 95%confidence interval and a=5%. Data were entered and analyzed by IBM SPSS version 22. Mean and standard deviation were assessed and independent t test was done to find out the mean DMFT amongst urban and rural areas. Chi square test was done to compare the frequencies between two groups. The burden of dental caries amongst rural and urban pregnant women was reported high with a rural prevalence of 56.7% and 43.3% of urban pregnant women. 71.4% of urban pregnant women reported with bleeding gums and 28.6% of rural pregnant women. The present study concluded that dental caries was prevalent in rural locality and gingivitis in urban locality
ABSTRACT
Post-operative pain and discomfort after endodontic treatment is an unwanted occasion for both the patient and the dentist. A flare up is a true complication characterized by the development of pain and swelling and requires emergency treatment. Certain factors such as pre-operative pain, numbers of appointments, use of intra-canal medication and tooth location, predispose to the development of post-operative pain and flare-ups. The purpose of this study is to analyze the incidence of post-obturation flare-ups in teeth following single visit and multiple visits Root Canal Treatment in Operative dentistry Department, Baqai Dental College, 2010 to 2011. To observe effect of: [1] skill and experience, [2] Single and multiple visits [3] Gender. Total 60 patients requiring endodontic treatment in single rooted teeth were identified and included in this study. The patients were randomly assigned and treated in the department of Operative dentistry, Baqai Dental College into two groups. The teeth of patients in group 1 were with vital inflamed pulp treated in single visit. Group 2 were with vital inflamed pulp treated in multiple visits. They were asked whether they had experienced any postoperative pain within 1 hr, within 24 hrs, within 48 hrs. Dental practitioners included in this study were fresh graduates [C1], graduates with 5 years [C2] and 10+years [C3] clinical experience. Data was analyzed statistically using the chi-square test, SPSS version 19. P-value was set at 0.001. 3 males and 5 females patients complained of pain within 24 hrs of obturation that was sharp in nature and spontaneous; no complaint of pain was reported after 24 hrs without medication. The flare-up incidence came out to be 13.3%. All patients in this study suffered irrereversible pulpitis in which 25 were obturated in single visit, 30 in multiple visits in which 5:3complained of pain after obturation within 24 hrs. Fresh graduates performed root canal therapy on 20 patients, 20 with 5+years and 20 with 10+years clinical experience and the flare-up ratio regarding clinical experience was found to be 4:3:1 respectively. It was concluded that the incidence of flare-up or post obturation pain is related to the number of visits, clinical experience of the dentist and gender of the patient