ABSTRACT
Aims: To assess the level of social support and determine the relationship between depression and social support amongpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).Study Design:This study was a cross-sectional survey.Place and duration of Study:The study was carried out at the Medical OutPatients(MOP) clinic of Jericho Specialist Hospital, Ibadan between 1stof August and 30thof September 2017.Methodology:Systematic sampling technique was used to recruit 273 type 2DM patients who were 40years and above, receiving care at the MOP clinic for at least 3months. Diabetes-related information was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. Zung self-rating scale and multidimensional perceived social support scale were used to assess depression and social support respectively. Independent t-test was used to determine the relationship between depression and social support and the level of significance was set at p<.05 Results:Half (50.5%) of the respondents were diagnosed in the past 5 years as having type 2DM, 79.5% had hypertension as a co-morbidity and 51.6% had good glycaemic control. The prevalence of depression was 27.5%, mild and moderate depression were 26.4% and 1.1% respectively and none had severe depression. One hundred and two (37.4%),56.0% and 6.6% respondents had high, moderate and low social support respectively. The highest social support scores 5.9 +1.7 was from family. Total perceived social support was higher among non-depressed diabetic respondents. There was a significant difference between the mean total support in the depressed and non-depressed group (4.88 ± 1.41 vs 4.50 ± 1.24, p= .03).Conclusion:Type 2 DM patients who had high social support were less depressed, therefore, clinicians managing DM patients should explore the social support enjoyed by such patients to achieve good health outcome
ABSTRACT
Aim: This study aimed to find out the relationship between the clinical manifestations of patients with psychosomatic morbidity (PSM) and their family developmental stages. Study Design: A cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: The study period span between February 1st and April 30th 2013, during which patients who presented at the General Outpatient (GOP) clinic of the University College Hospital, Ibadan for various complaints were encountered. Methods: A sample of 360 patients with varying forms of PSM identified by five or more from the symptoms in the primary evaluation of mental disorder- patient health questionnaire somatoform, anxiety and depression modules (PRIME-MD PHQ SADs) was recruited consecutively. The international classification for primary care second electronic version (ICPC-2E) was used to categorize the clinical manifestations of respondents while Stevenson’s family developmental model classified the family developmental stages into emerging, crystallizing, interacting and actualizing family. Data were analyzed using statistical package for social sciences soft ware version 17. Statistical significance level was set at p ≤ 0.05. Results: Among the 360 respondents studied, 275 were married with age range between 19 and 80 years, 62.5% lived with their spouses, 3.1% divorced∕ separated and 10.8% were widowed. Majority was females (74.9%) and the predominant family developmental stage was the crystallizing family (30.2%). General and unspecified physical (GUP) complaints were the commonest clinical manifestation seen in all the stages except the emerging family which has gynaecological complaints. Comparing the mean scores of married respondents with moderate-severe PSM and family stages shows that being married and living with spouses may be protective against severe forms of PSM (P = .04). On the other hand, comparing the mean scores of single and married respondents with moderate-severe PSM shows that respondents who are single may come with severe forms of somatoform disorder when compared with other single respondents with anxiety or depressive disorder (P < .05). There is however no relationship between the family developmental stage and severity of PSM. Conclusion: There was interplay between medically unexplained physical complaints and patient’s family characteristics. Being married and living with spouses may be protective against severe forms of PSM.