ABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to evaluate practice of universal infection control protocols among third and final year BDS students at different dental colleges. Comparative study. This study was conducted in five dental colleges and hospitals which are affiliated with University of Karachi during the year 2011-2012. The undergraduates [third and final professional BDS students were selected with the age range from 18-22 years and without gender discrimination in the year 2011-2012. A self applied, confidential 14 close-ended type questionnaire consisting of various aspects of infection control practice was distributed to these undergraduates at the end of second semester after the lecture with permission and consent of head of institution. The collected data was analyzed by using SPPS 16.0. Among 180 students, 90[50%] were final year students and 90[50%] were third year students. Out of them 70 final year and 72 third year students participated. Thus a total of 142 [77.77%] students completed questionnaire with a response rate of 79%. The final year students were found to have more knowledge and had practiced more infection control procedures than third year students. Compliance with recommended guidelines for cross infection control varies among final year and third year students. Efforts are needed to improve attitudes to implement information and motivate students in the correct and routine use of infection control measures before they commence their clinical rotations
ABSTRACT
Objective: to assess the outcome of intraperitoneal instillation of bupivacaine injection in terms of post-operative pain [visual analogue score] and duration of hospital stay [in hours] in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Material and Methods: in this study, a total of 150 patients were recruited after fulfilling the inclusion/exclusion criteria to assess the outcome of intraperitoneal instillation of bupivacaine injection in terms of post-operative pain [visual analogue score] and duration of hospital stay [in hours] in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Results: most of the patients were between 41-50 years of age, mean age was 39.76+2.31, 44% [n=66] male and 56% [n=84] females. Stay at hospital [in hours] after laparoscopic cholecystectomy showed the 8.67% [n=1 3] stayed <9 hours, 89.33% [n=134] 9-18, 2% [n=3] 18- 24 hours and no patient with >24 hours, 8.67% [n=13] had excellent, 89.33% [n=134] had good and only 2%[n=3] had fair outcome [pain relief]
Conclusion: the assessment of outcome of intraperitoneal instillation of bupivacaine injection in terms of post-operative pain [visual analogue score] and duration of hospital stay [in hours] in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy is found considerably good and may be promoted for use in routine clinical practices to make laparoscopic cholecystectomy more safe and effective
ABSTRACT
Objective: to compare open and closed haemorrhoidectomy for wound healing time, hospital stay and complications
Material and Methods: sixty patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were selected for this study and divided into two groups. Group A was treated by open haemorrhoidectomy and group B by closed haemorrhoidectomy. Postoperatively patients were evaluated for wound healing time, hospital stay, early and late complications
Results: the mean wound healing time in closed haemorrhoidectomy group was 2.60+/-0.67 weeks. The mean wound healing time in op n haemorrhoidectomy group was 3.97+/-0.76 weeks. There were 2 [6.7%] patients of urinary retention in closed haemorrhoidectomy group and no patient in open haemorrhoidectomy group. There were 29 [96. 7%] patients of mild to moderate bleeding and 1 [3.3%] patient of severe bleeding in closed haemorrhoidectomy group. In open haemorrhoidectomy group, 1[3.3%] patient had no bleeding, 28 [93 .3%] patients had mild to moderate bleeding and 1 [3.3%] patient had severe bleeding. Among late complications at one month follow up, 1 [3.3%] patient developed anal stenosis in closed haemorrhoidectomy group. In open haemorrhoidectomy group there was 1 [3.3%] patient of anal stenosis and 1 [3.3%] patient of anal fissure
Conclusion: open haemorrhoidectomy has more reliable wound healing with lesser complications, though complete wound healing time is more as compared to the closed technique
ABSTRACT
The objective of this study was the detection and separation of S. aureus from blood cultures of patients undergoing oral surgical procedures. Antibiotic sensitivity pattern and biofilm formation of S. aureus were also performed. Total 250 patients undergoing oral surgical procedures were selected for bacteriological examination. 5ml of Blood sample was collected in blood culture bottles containing tryptone soya broth. Blood sample was incubated at 37[degree sign] C for 7 days and after incubation subculturing was done on appropriate Media. The plates were then incubated at 37[degree sign]C aerobically for 24 hours, after which isolated colonies were obtained. S.aureus was identified by Gram staining, colony morphology, pigment production, catalase, coagulase and often biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility was performed by disc diffusion technique on isosensitivity agar. Strains of S.aureus were used for biofilm formation by simple tubemethod. With the help of spectrophotometer at 570 nm optical density was measured. S.aureus [ATTC2523] was analyzed for biofilm production. Bacterial isolates in descending order were S.aureus 56%, E.coli 25%, Pseudomonas spp. 13%, S.typhi 4%and Shigella spp2%. S.aureus was resistant to different antibiotics. Biofilm production of S.aureus was detected in 16.17%of the S.aureus and mostly in association with antibiotic resistant bacteria. S.aureus was the predominant group of bacteria isolated from blood cultures of dental patients. Increased antibiotic resistance of S.aureus may be due to biofilm production resulting in persistent dental infections