Prevalence of human papilloma virus in sinonasal papilloma in southern Iranian population

Statement of the Problem: Sinonasal papilloma [SNP] is a rare benign lesion characterized by high recurrence rate and malignant transformation

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of human papilloma virus [HPV] infection in these lesions in South of Iran

Materials and Method: In this cross sectional retrospective study, a total of 41 patients, 38 SNP and 3 SNP/Squamous cell carcinoma cases, from 2007 to 2014 were studied. Human papilloma virus [HPV] DNA detection was performed by nested PCR method and positive cases were analyzed for high risk HPV-16 and HPV-18

Results: HPV was detected in 31.7%; HPV- 16 in 4.9% and HPV 18 was not detected at all. Dysplastic epithelium was detected in 53% that was not associated with HPV. Three cases were accompanied with malignant transformation that HPV genome was detected in only one case and none of them were positive for HPV16 /18 genomic DNA

Conclusion: Current research suggests that HPV may be involved in the development of SNP. But the high risk HPV is not important in malignant transformation. More studies are needed to elucidate the possible etiologic mechanism between HPV, inverted papilloma, and squamous cell carcinoma

Chromosomal abnormality in patients with secondary amenorrhea

Secondary amenorrhea is a condition in which there is cessation of menses after at least one menstruation. It is a symptom of different diseases, such as hormonal disturbances which range from pituitary to ovarian origin, as well as chromosomal abnormalities. Knowledge of the distinct cause of secondary amenorrhea is of tremendous benefit for the management and monitoring of patients. In this study, we determine the chromosomal abnormalities in patients with secondary amenorrhea in Southwest Iran. We selected 94 patients with secondary amenorrhea who referred to our Cytogenetic Ward from 2004 until 2009. For karyotyping, peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures were set up by conventional technique. In this study, 5.3% [n=5] of patients with secondary amenorrhea presented with chromosomal abnormalities, of which all contained an X element. The chromosomal abnormalities were:i]45, X [n=1]; ii]47, XXX [n=1]; iii] 45, X [13]/45, Xi[X]q[17] [n=1]; iv]45, X[12]/46,X,+mar[12] [n=1]; and v] 46,X,del[Xq][q23q28] [n=1]. Our study revealed that some causes of secondary amenorrhea could be due to chromosomal abnormalities. Therefore, cytogenetic studies should be important tests in the evaluation of patients with secondary amenorrhea