[Effect of incorporating nano-hydroxyapatite and nano-zinc oxide into resin modified glass lonomer cement on metal bracket debonding]

Fluoride releasing adhesives are favorable for bracket bonding since they decrease the risk of demineralization around orthodontic brackets given that they provide acceptably high shear bond strength [SBS]. The aim of this study was to evaluate the SBS of resin-modified glass ionomer cements [RMGIC] reinforced by nano-zinc oxide [NZnO] and nano-hydroxyapatite [NHA] particles in comparison with composite resins.In this experimental study, 80 extracted human premolars were used. The teeth were randomly divided into 4 groups as follows: Group 1: Transbond XT as the control group, Group 2: RMGIC [Fuji II LC], Group 3: RMGIC with 5% NHA and Group 4: RMGIC with 2% NZnO. After enamel etching, brackets were bonded. The SBS was calculated for each group. The percentage of adhesive remained on the enamel was quantified by calculating the adhesive remnant index [ARI]. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and the Kruskal Wallis test.According to the results of ANOVA, there were no significant differences in SBS of groups [P=0.075]. The mean SBS in groups 1 to 4 was 15.43 +/- 4.61, 14.95 +/- 4.34, 17.97 +/- 3.65 and 17.08 +/- 3.59 MPa, respectively. According to the Kruskal-Wallis test, there were no significant differences in degree of ARI among groups [P=0.413]. The SBS was similar among all groups and adding NZnO and NHA particles had no negative effect on SBS of RMGIC. In all groups, less than half the adhesive remained on the enamel after bond failure

[Inpatient perceptions of participating in cure decision making and safety among public hospitals of Tehran medical sciences university]

Focusing on making opportunities to participate of patients in all levels of health care system is important in order to develop of system capability that could make improving of patients' safety and quality of care services. The aim of this study was to determine inpatient perceptions in general hospitals of Tehran medical university regarding patient participate in treatment decisions and safety. This was a cross-sectional study in 1390. First, the list of eight general hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of medical sciences and all clinical wards were obtained through the university website. Then, stratified random sampling method applied to collect 300 patients as a sample size. Data were collected by using a structured questionnaire that validity and reliability were accepted. Descriptive statistical methods, linear regression and multivariate logistic regression were applied to analyze. From total of 300 patients, 60% of them were female. The level of participating by patients in cure decision making were at high level [59.7%] and 27% in low level. The range of patients' safety was at high [60%] and low [26%]. The level of participate in decision making of cure process had high rate among young people and employed participants. The patients who were unmarried, educated, and employed had lower score in patients' safety. The participants' perception had no effect on the patients' safety perceptions. The symptoms that might be interpreted as an abnormal could be interpreted in different ways by the others. These unusual could come from dissimilarities in demographic features

[Validation of Farsi version of hospital survey on patient safety culture questionnaire, using confirmatory factor analysis method]

Patient safety is one of the most important components of health care quality. Given that assessing the current culture of patient safety is the first step in improving patient safety, we decided to translate and validate one of the most used patient safety culture assessment tool [HSOPS questionnaire] for the first time in Iran, and in this way take a step toward improving patient safety in our hospitals. This cross sectional study was done among four general hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences [TUMS], which were selected purposefully. Questionnaires randomly distributed among 420 members of the study population, and were collected after completion. were analyzed using Confirmatory Factor Analysis [CFA], internal Consistency and correlation. The value of Fitness function [FF] was 14.25 and according to that, the value of Goodness of Fit Index [GFI] was 0.96. Almost in all of the dimensions, the internal consistency of items in the translated Persian questionnaire was lower than the original one and ranged between 0.57 to 0.8. Regarding to the findings of this study the Persian translation of the HSOPS questionnaire is a valid tool for the assessment of patient safety culture in Iran's hospitals

[Determinants of physicians' visits throughout the different provinces of Iran: a case study of the population covered by social security organization]

Understanding the effect of different factors on the utilization of physician services is of great importance for policy making processes in health sector. Identification of such factors will improve the process of planning and policy making in health sector. To examine the effect of accessibility, income and out- of- pocket payments for visit and medicine on the utilization of specialist doctors' services [visits], in the population covered by Social Security Organization [SSO]. Managerial data bases throughout the SSO were used to measure the effect of assumed variables on the utilization of specialist doctors' services [visits] in a thirty-million population covered by SSO. The data were collected from 1998 to 2009 and then adjusted for the purpose of the study. A bilogarithmic regression model with panel data, using fixed effect model was estimated. The study results showed that 1% increase in the geographic accessibility and medicine costs would increase the utilization of specialist doctors' services by 23% and 17%, respectively. As well, out-of-pocket payments for specialists' visits and the insureds' incomes have no significant effect on the utilization of these services. Visiting specialists in private sector showed no responsiveness to out-of- pocket payments, but more for geographic accessibility. Social Security Organization can regulate and control the utilization of these services through considering the flexibility of different provinces to different factors.