ABSTRACT
COPD is a complicated disease. Current available treatments are just for symptomatic relief and they cannot reverse the damages to lungs tissues due to alveolar destruction in COPD. Research is being conducted to evaluate new treatments and strategies to find specific treatments to minimize the symptoms of COPD. A new mixture of herbal medicine i.e AKL1 has emerged and thought to cure COPD symptoms especially cough related quality of life of COPD patients. Although, the results have showed no significant difference as compared to placebo but researchers recommend further evaluation in a large population [COPD Patients] group. Another medicine Roflumilast, a phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, was also found to be effective to treat COPD under specific recommendations with further research needed. Finally another medicine Indacaterol, a novel, once-daily [o.d] inhaled long-acting beta2-agonist proved to be effective clinically to treat COPD related broncho-constriction and also increasing the COPD patient's compliance by reducing the number of doses as compared to other conventional inhaled bronchodilators such as Albuterol
ABSTRACT
Among immunosuppressive agents cyclosporine A is drug of unique importance. This drug has a low therapeutic index, and it has many toxic effects. After oral administration its absolute bioavailability is variable due to poor absorption. Niosomes are new and versatile carriers to deliver drug. The bioavailability of immunosuppressant drug cyclosporine A can be increased by niosomal drug delivery system. So our basic theme was to prepare niosomes of immunosuppressant drug using cholesterol, span 60 and tween 60 etc. Niosomes were characterized for zeta potential, size, poly dispersivity index [PDI], entrapment efficiency and In vitro release profiles. Six niosomal formulations [F1-F6] were successfully developed using thin film hydration technique. Among various formulations F2 showed the highest entrapment efficiency 77.29 %. The DSC thermograms of physical mixtures and niosomal formulations indicated the presence of drug in crystalline form. In vitro drug release study demonstrated higher drug release values as compared to drug aqueous dispersion. Niosomal formulations were capable of releasing drug in sustained manner. The overall results demonstrated that developed niosomal carriers are competitive candidates for improving dissolution profile of cyclosporine A leading to increased bioavailability at the site of action
ABSTRACT
Background: Plantar fasciitis is now known as plantar fasciosis or fasciopathy [PF], is a common foot pain disorder in athletes and non-athletes. There is a pain along plantar side of the foot especially in heel and at the site of insertion of the fascia
Objective: To determine the effectiveness of manual physical therapy in management of plantar fasciopathy
Methods: Referred patients of plantar fasciopathy filled a self-reported questionnaire, containing the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure [FAAM] and the Numeric Pain Rating Scale [NPRS]. All measures were taken at baseline and at 6 weeks follow up. Treatment of PF in term of pain and function was measured with paired sample T-test
Result: Thirty [30] eligible patients [mean age 45.63 years [+/-SD10.81]; 73.3% female] signed the consent form. The manual physical therapy group showed clinically sensitive and significant progress in term of pain and function over group II of ultrasound and exercise. The group I showed clinically significant results in terms of FAAM [CI: 3.171, 2.08] [p=0.001] after 6 weeks follow up. The group I also showed clinically significant improvment in terms of NPRS [CI: 0.861, 2.07], [p=0.001] after 6 weeks follow up
Conclusion: The result of our study showed that manual physical therapy [MPT] is an effective treatment approach in treatment of plantar fasciopathy
ABSTRACT
Dengue fever is caused by the mosquito-borne dengue virus [DENV] serotypes 1-4, and is the most common arboviral infection of humans in subtropical and tropical regions of the world. Dengue virus infections can present with a spacious range of clinical signs, from a mild feverish illness to a life-threatening shock syndrome. Till now, there is no approved vaccine or drug against this virus. Therefore, there is an urgent need of development of alternative solutions for dengue. Several plant species have been reported with anti-dengue activity. Many herbal/natural drugs, most of which are commonly used as nutritional components, have been used as antiviral, larvicidal, mosquitocidal and mosquito repellents that may be used against dengue. The objective of this review article was to provide current approaches for the treatment and management/prevention of dengue fever by targeting viral proteins involved in replication cycle of the virus and different developmental stages of mosquito