ABSTRACT
Objective: To find out the prevalence of hypertension in diabetic patients
Study Design: Observational / descriptive study
Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out in the Department of Medicine, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital and Fatima Jinnah Medical College, Lahore from December 2013 to May 2014
Materials and Methods: A total of 100 patients were included in the study
Patient's demographic features and all the data were recorded on predesigned proforma and were analysed through SPSS version 16.0
Results: Out of 100 patients, 55 [55%] were male and 45 [45%] were female. Age range was 30-65 years with mean age of 48.4+9.3 years. Weight varied from 50-100 kg with mean weight of 68.2+8.5 kg. Prevalence of hypertension was 30%. Hypertension was more prevalence in elderly diabetics [53.3+7.8 years], in patients of longer duration of diabetic [7.66+2.84 years]
Retinopathy, ischemic heart disease [IHD] and neuropathy occurred frequently in diabetic hypertensive patients
Conclusion: Diabetic and hypertension are highly associated with each other
ABSTRACT
Objective: This study was aimed to identify the risk factors for decompensation of heart failure in patients with established left ventricular dysfunction
Study Design: Observational / descriptive / cross-sectional study
Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out at Sandeman provincial hospital, Quetta from 15[th] March till 14[th] September 2015
Materials and Methods: One hundred fifty patients of decompensated HF with established left ventricular dysfunction [Ejection Fraction <40 %] were included in the study. Information about factors for decompensation of HF was collected from patients through a proforma during their hospital admission
The data was analyzed on statistical package for social sciences [SPSS] version 16
Results: Out of 150 patients, 59 % had ischemic heart disease while 41 % had non-ischemic heart disease. Non-compliance with diet and/or drug therapy [56.7% and 37.3%, respectively], cardiac arrhythmias [34%], lack of follow-up [26.7%], and intake of medications precipitating heart failure [20%] were the most common risk factors for decompensation of heart failure. Among other significant risk factors were infections [11.3%], anemia [10.7%] and myocardial ischemia [10.7%]. Pregnancy [2.7%] and thyroid disorders [2.7%] were less common risk factors
Conclusion: Majority of the risk factors for decompensation of heart failure appear to be preventable, and should thus be avoided with a better and more comprehensive control of heart failure in these patients
ABSTRACT
Objective: To look into the causes of acute renal failure in this area so that preventive strategy can be designed
Study Design: Observational study
Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out in Medical Outdoors, District Teaching Hospitals, Ghazi Khan Medical College, DG Khan and Khairpur Medical College, Khairpur Mir's from June 2013 to May 2014
Materials and Methods: A total of 100 patients of acute renal failure were included in the study
Results: There were 64 [64%] males and 36 [36%] females with ratio of 1.7:1. 60% patients in the younger age group and age range was 10-70 years. Nausea and vomiting were commonest symptoms in 92% of the patients while 88% patients were oliguric. All patients had tachycardia while 38% had volume over load. Blood urea was more than 100 mg/100 ml in 92% of patients. ARF because of pure medical reasons were seen in 48% of patients while surgical and pregnancy related problems were found in 26% each
Conclusion: Early referral, identification and treatment of pre-renal factor, good perinatal care and cautious therapeutic decisions can substantially bring down the incidence of acute renal failure
ABSTRACT
Objective: To find out the thyroid dysfunctions during treatment hepatitis C patients with Interferon and Ribavirin
Study Design: Observational / descriptive study
Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out at the Teaching Hospital, Ghazi Khan Medical College, DG Khan from April 2015 to January 2016
Patients and Methods: Fifty patients of chronic HCV were enrolled
Results: Out of 50 treated patients 35 were female and 15 were male. Fifteen [15%] patients developed thyroid dysfunction and out of these 15 patients [11 female [73.3%] and 4 male [26.7%]].Ten [66.6%] out of 15 patients developed hypothyroidism and 5[33.3%] out of 15 patients developed hyperthyroidism. Seven [70%] out of 10 patients who developed hypothyroidism needed levothyroxine therapy. Two [40%] out of 5 patients who developed hyperthyroidism needed carbimazol therapy for their symptoms and disease control. All patients completed hepatitis C treatment with combined Peg-Interferon Alpha-2a and Ribavirin therapy
Conclusion: The involvement between thyroid dysfunction in hepatitis C individuals and management with IFN- alphaandRIBA
ABSTRACT
To determine the frequency of raised C-reactive protein in patients with Helicobacter pylori infection. Design: Cross sectional descriptive study. Setting: Department of Medicine at Liaquat University Hospital [tertiary care teaching hospitals]. April 2012 to September 2012. All patients above 12 years of age, of either gender with history of nausea, vomiting, recurrent abdominal pain, dyspepsia or abdominal discomfort, heartburn, bloating and halitosis through casualty outdoor department [COD] or admitted in medical unit were evaluated and enrolled in the study. For the detection of Helicobacter pylori the 3 cc venous blood sample of relevant'patients was taken in a disposable syringe. After detecting the H. pylori infection, the H. pylori individuals were further evaluated for serum C-reactive protein by taking 3cc venous blood sample in a disposable syringe and sent to laboratory for analysis. The patients with raised CRP were also evaluated for their lipid profile to detect dyslipidemia. The data was collected on predesigned proforma and then entered, saved and analyzed in SPSS version 10.00. During six month study period total 92 patients with Helicobacter pylori infection were recruited and studied for serum C-reactive protein. The mean age +/- SD for overall population was 43.22 +/- 8.31, whereas the mean age +/- SD for male and female population was 41.24 +/- 7.94 and 44.76 +/- 9.42 respectively. The raised CRP was detected in 61[66%] patients [p=0.02]. The mean value +/- SD of raised CRP in male and female population was 6.30 +/- 2.86 and 7.82 +/- 3.21 respectively. Of 61 [66%] patients with raised CRP the dyslipidemia was identified in 45[74%] patients [p=0.03]. Out of 45, the raised triglycerides was observed in 08[18%] patients, low HDL in 10[22%] patients, raised LDL in 13[29%], raised cholesterol in 07[16%] whereas 07[16%] patients had mix dyslipidemia. The raised CRP was identified in patients with Helicobacter pylori infection, the dyslipidemia was observed in raised CRP population
ABSTRACT
To determine the frequency of co/super infection of hepatitis D in patients with hepatitis B related liver disorders. Descriptive study. The hepatitis Centre Ghulam Mohammad Mahar Medical College Hospitals Sukkur and Khairpur, from January 2009 to December 2009. All patient registered for HBV associated infections were selected. Blood was drawn from 200 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Those with an incomplete test profile were excluded. All clinical conditions were investigated through liver function tests, coagulation profile, abdominal ultrasonography, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and liver biopsy. Liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma [HCC] were diagnosed either on the basis of histology, or on a combination of radiological, endoscopic and laboratory data. Hepatitis B virus DNA was extracted from serum by real time PCR. Descriptive statistics were used for frequency and mean determination. The 129 patients finally selected for statistical analysis included 108 [84%] males and 21 [16%] females. The ages ranged from 6-68 years [mean=31.5 +/- 12.39 years]. There were 70 [54.2%] patients of non-cirrhotic, chronic hepatitis [CLD], 38 [29.4%] carriers, 12 [9.3%] cirrhotic and 9 [6.9%] hepatocellular carcinoma [HCC] patients. Among the 129 patients, 45 [34.9%] were positive for double infection with HDV. These included 35 CLD cases, 7 cirrhotic and 3 carriers. The frequency of co/super infection of hepatitis D was found to be highest in HBV cirrhosis patients compared to patients having chronic liver disease [non-cirrhotics] and carriers
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Male , Hepatitis B/virology , Coinfection , Liver Cirrhosis , Hepatitis B, Chronic , Carcinoma, HepatocellularABSTRACT
This case report describe a 45 years old female who presented with hypotonia, hyporeflexia, and motor weakness of all four limbs with bilateral flexor planter response due to severe hypokalemia. The patient was finally diagnosed as a case of normotensive primary aldosteronism. Her CT scan abdomen was done which excluded adrenal adenoma. Aldosterone antagonist led to excellent response and recovery