ABSTRACT
We investigated 58 general medicine outpatients with a questionnaire on sex, BMI, lifestyle habits and the pathological condition of <i>ki</i>. We classified sex, BMI and sleep, diet and exercise as lifestyle habit factors, and classified <i>ki </i>deficiency, <i>ki </i>obstructive depression, <i>ki </i>counter flow as the pathological signs of <i>ki</i>. After we established a disease group and a control group, we calculated ratios for the factors in each group. As a result, there were associations between hours of sleep, and recovery from fatigue with sleep, to <i>ki </i>deficiency. There were also associations between recovery from fatigue with sleep, and sex, to <i>ki </i>obstructive depression and <i>ki </i>counter flow.
ABSTRACT
In the present study, we investigated the effects of fracture fixation on joint contracture and disuse muscle atrophy. We surgically fractured the right hind limbs of male Wistar rats, and then fixed the right ankle joints at maximal plantar flexion for two weeks using dorsal splints. Compared with immobilized healthy and sham operated joints, the fractured joints concomitantly showed highly restricted range of motion and significantly higher degrees of disuse atrophy in soleus muscle; decrease of muscle fiber cross sectional area, development of central core lesion and a change in myosin heavy chain isoforms from slow type myosin to fast type myosin. Therefore, it is suggested that orthopedic fracture fixation induces intense disuse muscle atrophy to aggravate joint contracture.