ABSTRACT
Studies using real-world data are recently increasing worldwide. Various types of real-world data are available in Japan. Administrative claims databases include the National Database (NDB) and other types of databases including several commercially available databases. This article describes the DeSC database, newly constructed by DeSC Healthcare Co., Ltd. in 2020. One of the features of the DeSC database is that it includes data from the National Health Insurance, Health Insurance, and Advanced Elderly Medical Service System. In the present article, we referred to our previous study on population representativeness of the DeSC database and explained its overview. Estimated prevalence of some diseases were described for each type of insurance. Furthermore, we discussed the use of the DeSC database for clinical epidemiology and pharmacoepidemiology research.
ABSTRACT
The purpose of the present study was to determine the involvement of central neurotransmitters in hot water bathing. In the first experiment, the alterations of the neurotransmitters, and in the second the effects of intracereb-roventricular (ICV) administration of the neurotransmitters, or their related substances on changes of gastric mucosal blood flow (GMBF) or foot BF were examined in the rats subjected to hot water bathing. The results were as follows.<br>1) Increases of dopamine (DA) metabolism and decreases of neurotensin (NT) -like immunoreactivity were observed in the nucleus accumbens and the amygdala of the rats subjected to 40°C hot water bathing.<br>2) 40°C hot water bathing normalized the GMBF decreased by the restraint stress with its duration of 60min almost to the level prior to the stress. The ICV administration of antiserum against NT inhibited the normalization of the GMBF.<br>3) The pretreatment with reserpine and with naloxone (β-endorphin (β EP) antagonist) inhibited the effects of NT and EP, respectively, on normalization of GMBF.<br>4) An inhibitory effect of ICV administration of saralasin (angiotensin II (A II) antagonist) was recognized on the FBF elevated by 34°C hot water bathing.<br>These results suggest central mechanisms of cerebral DA, NT and β EP during 40°C hot water bathing in which DA neuron systems activated by the bathing, together with NT and β EP, protect the gastric mucosa via the actions of increased GMBF through the sympathetic nervous system. Cerebral A II was assumed to be involved in the hydrostatic actions of hot water bathing on peripheral circulation.