ABSTRACT
Coronary artery ectasia (CAE) often presents in the form of an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) caused by slow blood flow leading to thrombus formation in ectatic coronary arteries. The usual approach is thrombectomy with intracoronary thrombolysis but often does not guarantee immediate blood flow. A 45-year-old male presented with anginal chest pain and was diagnosed with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), managed Immediately with tissue plasminogen activator(t-PA) followed later with coronary angiography revealing diffused Multiple coronary ectasia MCEA with no identified culprit lesions afterward. The patient was followed up periodically, with favorable outcomes on daily aspirin, direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC), and guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) for coronary artery disease (CAD) and reduced ejection fraction heart failure (HF-rEF). This case management strategy was dictated by available resources at the time of presentation; however, it signifies the importance and favorable outcome of thrombolysis in CEA/STEMI patients. Future large-scale studies are required toward defining the duration as well as the choice of long-term anticoagulation.
ABSTRACT
Background: Root canal treatment (RCT) is mainstay nowadays to save the precious natural tooth in the oralcavity. The present study was done to assess the knowledge and awareness of the general public regarding theroot canal treatment. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional questionnaire based survey was distributedto a random sample of the population of Arar, Saudi Arabia. It was done over a period of 3 months. The studywas done with the help of specially prepared questionnaire which were validated by doing pilot study. Thequestionnaire was given to the participants by contacting them personally. The questionnaire used in the studycomprised of 13 questions related to need of RCT, antibiotic role in endodontic infections, pain of RCT, etc.Results: A total of 305 participants responded including 221 (72.45%) males and 84 (27.54%) females. Mostcommon age group which responded was 16 to 25 years (29.18%). It was found that 73.77 % participantsanswered that endodontic infections cannot be resolved only with antibiotics without endodontic treatment,40.65 % participants answered that tooth becomes weaker with RCT, 50.24 % of the participants responded thattwo visits were required for treatment, 57.37% preferred specialist for endodontic treatment, 70.81% respondedthat anxiety was present during the procedure and 65.57% participants experienced pain during or after thetreatment. Conclusion: Patients’ knowledge and awareness regarding endodontic treatment may influence thedecision-making and choice of the treatment. The results of this survey demonstrate the importance ofintegrating evidence-based practice concepts into teaching curriculum, continuous education courses, and postgraduate studies. However, further studies are necessary to evaluate this trend.