ABSTRACT
Introduction: Thyroid hormones and insulin are the antagonists and both are involved in cellular metabolism. With this, the study was planned to find the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Materials and Methods: Study was conducted in the department of General Medicine, GSL Medical College. The study protocol was approved by the institutional ethical committee. All type 2 diabetics aged >30yrs, irrespective of treatment were included in the study. Individuals on metformin therapy, smokers, thyroid hormone users, who underwent thyroid surgery, individuals on radioiodine therapy, pregnant women and individuals on steroids were excluded. Venous blood samples were taken from for fasting blood glucose and 2-hour post glucose blood sugar, glycosylated hemoglobin, lipid profile, and thyroid function estimated measured by using the autoanalyzer. Chi-square test was used to compare differences in categorical variables and p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Among 104 participants, 82.7% were euthyroid, 12.5% had subclinical and 4.8% had clinical hypothyroidism; statistically the difference not significant when age/gender was correlated. But there was a significant association with dyslipidemia. Conclusion: Hypothyroidism is very common among type 2 DM individuals and both complement others' metabolism.
ABSTRACT
Objectives: to study the clinicopathologic features of gastrointestinal stromal tumors [GISTs], to identify the frequency of risk categories and to predict prognostic factors for disease outcome
Methods: this is a retrospective review of gastrointestinal stromal tumor cases that conducted at department of surgery at King Hussein Medical Center between January 2007 to December 2013. A total of 42 cases of c-KIT [CD 117] positive GISTs were included in this study. Clinical data and histopathological parameters were reviewed. Categorization of risk groups was done according to the National Institute of Health
Results: there were 25 males and 17 females. The mean age of presentation was 56.8 years in males and in 51 years in females. The most common origin of GISTs was stomach in 61.9% followed by small intestine 19%, for colon and rectum 4.7% and 14.4% in others [pancreas, ovaries]. Abdominal pain was the most common presentation for 42% of cases studied. 21.4% of cases were presented with distant metastasis. Spindle cell morphology was the commonest histopathological pattern observed in [54.7%]. Risk categorization based on tumor size and cell proliferation as estimated by mitosis revealed that 59.5% of patients in our clinical settings belonged to high risk group
Conclusion: most of the cases in this group of Jordanian patients belonged to high risk group. Certain clinical and histopathological features including tumor size > 10 cm, mitotic rate >/= 10 /50HPF, tumor necrosis, mucosal ulceration and non-gastric site may be predictors for poor outcome in patients suffering from GISTs