Role of electroencephalogram in diagnosis of attention deficit hyper activity disorder

Introduction: Attention deficit hyper activity disorder (ADHD), is the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder of childhood, which is characterized by the presence of inattention, hyperactivity, and/or impulsivity, EEG is the substrate of brain activity underlying cognition and behavior.Objective: To detect the abnormalities in the electroencephalogram (EEG) in patients with ADHD also to find the relation between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptom severity and results of EEG. Method: sixty patients of ADHD and 60 age and sex matched control were evaluated with EEG to detect abnormal waves. Results: Patients with ADHD show abnormal EEG results in the form of background slowing in3 patients (5%) and epileptiform discharge in 19 patients (32%) frontal slowing in 13 patients(22%) normal EEG in 25 patients (42%).Conclusion: There is increased low frequency activity and decreased high frequency activity in children with ADHD, this may aid as an indicator in the diagnosis of ADHD

Does oxidant-antioxidant status and trace element profile relate to outcome in low-birth-weight neonates?

To determine if outcome of low-birth-weight infants is related to oxidant-antioxidant status and trace elements of cord blood. One hundred inborn healthy low-birth-weight neonates, from whom cord blood was available, were included. Newborns who died, in the first week of life or who had major congenital malformations were excluded. We determined cord blood serum Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, malondialdehyde, alpha-tocopherol [vitamin E], zinc, copper, and selenium, besides cord red blood cells content of superoxide dismutase, Significant oxygen radical diseases of prematurity was defined as the presence of intraventricular hemorrhage greater than grade 2, retinopathy of prematurity greater than stage 1. bronchopulmonary dysplasia at the post conceptional age of 36 weeks or necrotizing enterocolitis. Possible correlations between these parameters and perinatal factors were also tested. Cord serum antioxidant capacity correlated with gestational age but did not correlate with birth weight. Blood malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, vitamin E, zinc, copper and selenium did not correlate with birth weight for the entire sample of 100 neonates. Cord serum antioxidant capacity did not correlate with Apgar scores, or any of the oxygen radical diseases of prematurity. The level of malondialdehyde [a product of lipid peroxidation] is significantly higher in complicated low-birth- weight infants than in non-complicated ones. Meanwhile, a nonsignificant relationship between antioxidants [vitamin E, superoxide dismutase, selenium, zinc and copper] and outcome was identified. Cord serum antioxidant capacity correlate with gestational age, but does not correlate with birth weight. Malondialdehyde is significantly increased in low-birth-weight neonates suffering oxygen radical diseases of prematurity, which may indicate enhanced lipid peroxidation in these infants

Epidemiology of perthes' disease in bahrain: no relationship to transient synovitis

A review of 91 patients with a discharge diagnosis of transient synovitis of the hip [TSH] from 1987 till 1995, none developed clinically overt perthes disease. No total hip arthroplasty has been performed to date for osteoarthritis secondary to perthes' disease. These facts lend support to the changing precept that there exists little relationship between perthes' disease and TSH. Hence, we see no reason for aspiration of the irritable hip exclusion of septic artritis. Radiographic follow-up of patients presenting with a single episode of transient synovitis of the hip is also unnecessary