Health systems and tuberculosis - a comparison between Iraq and Romania

Tuberculosis continues to be one of the important public health challenges of this century. After 6 years of STOP TB Strategy, countries like Iraq and Romania, still struggle to decrease the impact of this disease. This paper looks at the TB epidemic in the context of the health systems in the two countries. The findings show that Iraq ranks third in the Eastern Mediterranean Region regarding incidence, prevalence and death rates, ranks second in treatment success rate, but has one of the lowest case detection rate; Romania ranks first in the European Region regarding incidence and prevalence, second regarding mortality rates and treatment success rates and has the lowest case detection rate in its region. There is a need for specific interventions to control TB in both countries, more so as funding seems to be available

Intraoperative albumin plus crystalloid solution versus crystalloid alone in renal transplant surgery

Chronic renal failure is defined as an irreversible deterioration in renal function which classically develops over a period of months or years. renal transplantation is the treatment of choice for end stage renal failure and during surgery the maintenance and restoration of intravascular volume are essential tasks to achieve sufficient organ function in renal transplants. To study the comparison between normal saline 0.9% with glucose 5% and normal saline 0.9%, glucose 5% with albumin in renal transplantation. The study data from 50 patients 47 patients underwent living donor kidney transplants three were excluded because they are diabetics.twenty three patients received normal saline 0.9%, glucose saline 5%,and twenty four received normal saline 0.9 with glucose 5% and albumin 100 milliliter. There was no statistical difference between the two groups in the primary measurement of outcome measure in the urine output in the 1[st] day and the serum creatinine in the 1[st] and 3[rd] day. Although statistically there was no difference in the two groups, it might be its useful to combine a colloid with a crystalloid in the fluid management regimen to improve microcirculation, oxygen perfusion and to ovoid large volumes of crystalloid