RISUG: An intravasal injectable male contraceptive.

Over the last two decades RISUG has been drawing attention in the field of male contraception. It promises to sterile men for a period of up to 10-15 years. According to recent studies in animal models, it proves to be completely reversible. Practically, there are no better options available that can assure complete sterility and precise reversibility. Regardless of so much of information available, RISUG is still holding up for many reasons, firstly, the available information engender bewilderment such as what is this copolymer, how does it work and is reversal really possible? Secondly, advancement of this outstanding invention is drastically slow and thirdly, effects of long-term contraception with RISUG and reports on evaluation of anomalies (if any) in F1, F2 progenies, are lacking. In this review the lacunae as well as advances in the development of RISUG in the light of published work and available resources are pointed out. Formulation of the RISUG, its mode of action and clinical trials have been addressed with particular emphasis.

Cornual Pregnancy: A Case Report.

Ectopic pregnancy is a condition where gestation sac is located outside the uterine cavity; it is a major life threatening situation in early pregnancy. A cornual pregnancy is an ectopic pregnancy that develops in the interstitial portion of the fallopian tube invading through the uterine wall. As myometrium is more distensible fallopian tube cornual pregnancies often rupture later than other tubal pregnancies. Cornual pregnancy is rare and carries grave consequences to both mother and fetus. Here a case report has been presented where the patient was admitted in Faridpur Medical College Hospital. The case was presented with intra-abdominal haemorrhage at second trimester. In this cases investigation missed the diagnosis, final diagnosis was only made after laparotomy. The need for clinical suspicion and role of ultrasonography, resuscitation and laparotomy is necessary to prevent catastrophe

Uterine Rupture -- Experience of 30 Cases at Faridpur Medical College Hospital.

Rupture uterus is a rare and often catastrophic condition. It is associated with a high incidence of fetal and maternal mortality and morbidity. Our objective in this study is to determine incidence, etiology, trend, management, maternal and fetal outcome of uterine rupture in Faridpur Medical College Hospital. This is a prospective cross-sectional study of patients with ruptured uterus from the period of January 2011 to December 2011 admitted at Faridpur Medical College Hospital. All the cases of ruptured uterus who were either admitted with uterine rupture or who developed it in hospital were included in the study. Patients having ruptured uterus due to congenital anomaly were excluded from the study. Patients were initially assessed in labour ward, relevant sociodemographic data, previous antenatal and surgical history recorded. Ways of management, maternal and fetal outcome were taken for analysis. There were 30 cases of ruptured uterus out of total 3606 deliveries (including 1809 caesarian sections) over a one year time period, with a prevalence of 0.83%. The most common age group was 21-30 years. A majority of patients 16(53.3%) were cases of unscarred uterus presenting with rupture; the common cause of rupture in scarred uterus was injudicious use of oxytocin (13,43.33%). Proper antenatal care, appropriate counseling of patients with history of previous caesarian section for hospital delivery, training of skilled birth attendant can reduce mortality and morbidity due to rupture uterus.

Relaparotomy in Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department of Faridpur Medical College Hospital - Experience in One Year.

After abdominal surgery some patient's needs relaparotomy for complications developed postoperatively. Aim of this study was to determine the risk factors causing re-laparotomy, the indications, management and outcomes of relaparotomy admitting in Obstetrics and Gynaecology department in Faridpur Medical College Hospital, a tertiary referral hospital where all complicated patients are referred for management from surrounding districts hospital. It was a cross sectional study done during the period of January 2011 to December 2011, All the cases among which relaparotomy were done after primary surgery were recorded using a protocol prepared for the study. Data was analyzed. Total 6304 patients were admitted in emergency way in Obstetrics and Gynaecology department of Faridpur Medical College Hospital. Among them 1864 patients undergone emergency operations, here 15 patients needed re-laparotomy. The incidence of re-laparotomy was 0.80%. Indications of relaparotomy included internal hemorrhage, postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), retained foreign body, incorrect diagnosis at first laparotomy, intraabdominal collection of pus and urine, Rectus sheath haematoma and burst abdomen. Often more than one procedure was needed to manage the cases. Re-laparotomy causes much morbidity & mortality with increase in hospital stay and cost. Careful selection of cases for primary operation, expertise of the surgeon, good surgical technique and careful postoperative follow-up can reduce the need for re-laparotomy.

Intestinal Perforation as a Complication of Induced Abortion - a Case Report and Review of Literature.

Intestinal perforation is a rare complication of induced abortion but it is not rare in our country. It is most commonly seen in countries in which abortions are performed by people without proper training and with sharp pointed instruments without knowledge of anatomy. Bowel perforation occurs when the posterior vaginal wall or uterus is violated, allowing the instrument to pierce underlying structures. The ileum and sigmoid colon are the most commonly injured portions of bowel due to their anatomic location. Here we discussed a woman who sustained a perforation at anterior rectal wall from abortion and was managed successfully.

Environmental effects of different pollution sources upon the quality of the drainage water in drain number one, Dakahlia and Damietta governorates

The establishment of open drain network in the Nile Delta has begun in the second quarter of the last century. That network is in continued expansion to cope with increasing quantities of irrigation water particularly after the construction of Aswan High Dam, and the stress need to increase cropping intensity, in addition to horizontal expansion of the newly reclaimed lands. All open drains in Upper Egypt and some drains in South Nile Delta discharge into River Nile while the remaining main drains in the Nile Delta are either discharging into the Mediterranean Sea or into coastal lakes. Due to over population in the area, and increasing water demand, more Drain water is reused for irrigation. Drain No. [1] is a part of the open drain system in the Nile Delta. Drain No. [1] is situated to the north west of Damietta Branch of the Nile Delta extending from south to north for about 65 km through the Gov's of Gharbia, Dakahlia, and Damietta. The Drain stretch extending from Talkha City till the final pump station [48.700 km] is receiving the most pollutant discharges. The number of the most important tributary drains that discharge along Drain No. [1] are 23 tributary drains. The aim of this study is to evaluate the environmental effects of different pollution sources on water quality of Drain No. [1] in comparison with limits delineated by the Law 48/1982. The length of the studied Drain stretch is about 55.250 km. The part of the studied stretch that extends from Talkha City till the final pump station [about 48.700 km] was divided into 5 segments in addition to the final discharge portion [about 350 m]. During the study period, from Nov. 2000 to October 2001, twelve monthly sampling points were chosen along the studied Drain stretch. The sampling points were at the beginnings and ends of each segment, in addition to sampling point 1 located before segment 1 and sampling point 12 at the final discharge. Furthermore, four samples were collected during the year from the 23 tributary drains at discharging point to Drain No. [1]. Physical, chemical and biological analyses were carried out according to the Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater