ABSTRACT
Chronic illnesses present a hurdle in the field of healthcare in community settings. This review of existing literature delves into the role of community nursing interventions when it comes to managing diseases. It sheds light on their effectiveness challenges and potential areas for improvement. Chronic diseases like diabetes, cardiovascular conditions, and respiratory ailments contribute substantially to both mortality rates and morbidity levels. They also place a burden on healthcare systems. Community nursing interventions play a role in addressing these diseases in underserved and rural communities. These strategies include programs, self-management initiatives, home visits, telehealth services, and coordinated care. Research indicates that these approaches have been successful in improving outcomes and reducing the burden, on healthcare systems. To fully maximize the benefits of these interventions we need to overcome obstacles that come our way. Issues such as staffing shortages, the need for training among nurses involved in community care, and the seamless integration of technology must be addressed to optimize their effectiveness. To further advance the field of community nursing interventions for disease management, future research should focus on developing strategies to overcome these challenges effectively. In addition to evaluate the long-term impact of community nursing interventions to understand how effective they are.
ABSTRACT
Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms (rAAAs) are extremely dangerous. Require attention. This thorough review explores the management of rAAA, focusing on the detection stabilizing blood flow and emergency vascular surgery. Recognizing symptoms such as intense abdominal pain, low blood pressure, a pulsating mass in the abdomen, signs of reduced blood flow to the lower limbs, and back pain is crucial for quick identification. Diagnostic imaging techniques like ultrasound and computed tomography angiography (CTA) play a role in confirming the diagnosis and assessing the risk involved. Properly managing hemodynamics by balancing resuscitation efforts with approaches is essential to control ongoing bleeding. Emergency vascular surgery options include aneurysm repair (EVAR) and open repair; the choice depends on factors like anatomy, stability of blood flow, and surgical expertise. Prioritizing optimization to address any health conditions and closely monitoring patients after surgery greatly contribute to overall success rates. A collaborative approach among healthcare professionals ensures a multidisciplinary strategy during the period emphasizing effective communication. This comprehensive approach aims for outcomes in dealing with challenging rAAAs while considering advancements in research and clinical practices.
ABSTRACT
Background: Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in diabetic patients can trigger several autoimmune responses. This article aims to assess the presence of circulating autoantibodies against glycated histones and their role in complications in diabetic patients in the Saudi population. Methods: A total of one hundred twenty samples were collected from diabetic patients with different age groups and healthy individuals as control. All serum samples were collected from Prince Sultan Military Medical City (PSMMC) in Riyadh City in Saudi Arabia. Glycated H2A was prepared and characterized using different physiochemical techniques. Then, ELISA was performed to assess the presence of circulating autoantibodies against glycated histones in diabetic patients’ samples compared with control healthy individuals in the Saudi population. Results: The glycation of H2A under our experimental conditions appears to be completed in 14 days. also, our data showed high circulating autoantibodies were detected against glycated H2A in all diabetic patients’ plasma with different dilutions. Remarkably, diabetic patients’ group 1 (under 20 years old group) showed highly significant binding activity values in each dilution. However, diabetic patients in groups 2 and 3 showed less binding but still significant values when compared to control healthy individuals. Conclusions: This finding provides novel perspectives into existing of circulating autoantibodies against glycated histones in diabetes patients in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, these circulating autoantibodies might be used as valuable tools for understanding the glycation mechanisms in diabetic patients in addition to providing diagnostic and prognostic knowledge. However, their roles in diabetic complications need further investigation.
ABSTRACT
Individuals with special needs may have conditions that are either present from birth, arise from environmental factors, or are acquired later in life. These conditions can significantly restrict their ability to engage in everyday activities, such as self-care tasks and essential life activities. Special needs encompass a wide range of conditions, including physical, developmental, mental, sensory, behavioral, and emotional impairments. These individuals may face challenges in communication and cooperation during dental treatment. Various medical conditions, such as cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, diabetes, bleeding disorders, and pregnancy, also impact endodontic care. Management strategies include careful evaluation, the use of general anesthesia, and minimizing technical compromises. Dental professionals deal with individuals in their everyday routines who suffer from a variety of medical conditions and special circumstances The review further discusses considerations for patients with bleeding disorders, diabetes, lung disorders, HIV, and those undergoing cancer treatment. Finally, it highlights the unique challenges of providing endodontic care to elderly patients and COVID-19-positive individuals, emphasizing the importance of safety protocols during the pandemic.
ABSTRACT
Around the globe, lung cancer is among the most prevalent cancers, accounting for significant morbidity and mortality. Compared to breast, cervical, and colorectal cancers combined, lung cancer is the leading cause of mortality. Higher survival rates are achieved with an early lung cancer diagnosis. The aggressiveness and heterogeneity of lung cancer have impeded endeavours to use screening to lower mortality from the disease. Due to studies showing that low-dose computed tomography may identify many tumors in their early stages, the development of low-dose computed tomography has significantly changed the landscape of lung cancer screening. Long-term research studies have demonstrated that low-dose computed tomography for the secondary prevention of lung cancer considerably lowers lung cancer mortality in high-risk populations. Screening with low-dose computed tomography reduces the mortality associated with it by 20-30%. Low-dose computed tomography is a fast and simple chest exam that does not involve the use of a contrast agent. Based on the current recommendations, eligible individuals with a history of heavy smoking will benefit from yearly low-dose computed tomography, but because of the risks involved, such as false-positive results, radiation exposure, and overdiagnosis, joint decision-making consultation is necessary. The purpose of this research is to review the use of low-dose computed tomography for lung cancer screening.
ABSTRACT
Over time, teeth undergo both physical and chemical changes that result in the wearing down and thinning of dental hard tissues. These changes include various forms of damage, including abrasion, attrition, abfraction, and erosion. Among these, dental erosion caused by acids has emerged as a significant concern in the field of dentistry. While the incidence of tooth decay has decreased, dental erosion has become more prevalent, largely due to shifts in dietary habits. Detecting erosion at an early stage is crucial because the process is irreversible. The diagnosis involves a thorough examination of the teeth to identify specific erosion characteristics. Both external and internal factors contribute to the occurrence of erosion, and even children are susceptible to it. Implementing preventive measures, such as educating patients, providing dietary advice, and employing fluoride therapy, plays a vital role in managing erosion. Treatment approaches vary depending on the severity of the erosion and may include techniques ranging from sealing and direct composite restorations to more extensive reconstructions involving ceramic restorations. It is important to emphasize that adequate preventive measures and regular follow-up are crucial for achieving long-term success in managing erosion.
ABSTRACT
Background: The current study aimed to examine the association between hospital nurses’ attitudes about the safety culture and patients’ views about the quality of healthcare services delivered to them during their hospitalization. Methods: This study was cross section study as well as adopted the correlational design. The study used the hospital survey on patient safety culture to assess nurses’ perceptions about the safety culture, and the consumer assessment of healthcare providers and systems survey to assess patients’ experience of care. The current study was conducted in a tertiary healthcare organization in Riyadh city in Saudi Arabia. Results: The response rates for nurses and patients were 79% and 80%, respectively. In nurses’ sample, the majority 92.9% was female and 90.6% was non-Saudi; while 43.5% of patients were male and the majority was Saudi 97.1%. More than half of the nurses 57.2% were married and 35.4% identified themselves as single. On the other hand, the majority of patients 81.5% were married and 48.7% of patients had a diploma or high school or less. Conclusions: The results of canonical correlation analysis showed positive and strong correlations between nurses’ perceptions of safety culture (facilitators and threats to patient safety) and patients’ perceptions of quality of healthcare (interpersonal care communication and technical quality of care). The canonical variates for both root pairs (canonical correlation coefficients = 0.89 and 0.81). This finding clearly proves that in workplaces where staffs have more positive perceptions of patient safety culture, patients have more positive experiences of care.
ABSTRACT
The core of many countries' primary care strategies has been increasing community engagement in primary care, greater efforts in preventive illnesses and promoting health, and greater harmony and synergy of current services in accordance with the community's needs. Primary care nurses have a lot of opportunity to provide strategies for health promotion and prevention, and prior research has revealed the multitude of functions that nurses can play, such as managing complex medical problems. Nurses employed in general practices have been observed to be effective in providing a number of preventative initiatives, including smoking cessation. It has been seen that though nurses who work in this environment are eager to counsel patients about physical exercise but have major deficiencies in their understanding of existing recommendations, suggesting a dearth of training preparation for such tasks. Very often, primary health care nurses' ability to undertake health promotion is restricted by the general practice environment, their skillset, and general practitioners' perspectives toward nurses' participation in health promotion activities. Primary care nurses may be able to bridge the gap between societal expectations of this field and how patients view prevention in the context of general practice. Primary care nurses have a lot of room to grow in their ability to collaborate with other healthcare providers and work outside the confines of general practice settings. In primary care settings, nursing appears to be underused despite its potential to be working more successfully in HPP. The effectiveness of present primary health care changes depends on identifying and addressing the enablers and hurdles to health promotion and prevention among primary care nurses.
ABSTRACT
Background: Immunization has shown major preventive aspects of infectious diseases, disability and death
Objectives: Assessing the knowledge, attitude and practice [KAP] of Saudi parents in Hail City regarding the immunization programs for children, Saudi Arabia [KSA], 2018
Methods: It is a cross sectional survey study that was carried out upon 420 parents that were randomly selected as the team focused on collection from public areas to get the appropriate knowledge level from the community for 3 months from May to the end of July, 2018. Parents and were asked to complete a questionnaire. The questionnaire contained 4 different parts about the demographics, knowledge, attitude and practice of parents toward immunization
Results: The included parents have shown a high level of awareness about vaccination regarding the preventive measures and importance of vaccination which resulted in positive attitudes and practice pattern among most of them. The overall KAP was good among most of parents. The higher KAP level wasn't significantly associated with gender, educational degree and number of children
Conclusion: Most of Saudi parents in Hail City had good KAP toward immunization which wasn't associated with gender and educational degrees. However, educational programs are still in need to increase the parents' knowledge and practice especially among illiterate and less educated parents living in rural areas