ABSTRACT
The aims of the present study were to assess the influence of: a) trait anxiety on orofacial pain; and b) orofacial pain on state anxiety. Forty-four rats were initially exposed to the free-exploratory paradigm for the evaluation of their anxiety profiles. In accordance to the parameter "Percentage of time in the novel side", the animals were considered as presenting high or low levels of trait anxiety when presenting values below the 1st quartile, or above the 3rd quartile, respectively. A week later, formalin-1.5% was injected into the upper lip of each animal. The behavioural nociceptive response, characterized by increased orofacial rubbing (OR), was quantified for 30 minutes, as follows: Total time OR (0-30 minutes: total pain), 1st phase OR (0-6 minutes: neurogenic pain), and 2nd phase OR (12-30 minutes: inflammatory pain). Immediately after this test, but still under the effect of formalin, the rats were submitted to the Elevated Plus-maze test (EPM). The results showed that the high trait anxiety individuals presented higher frequency of OR than the low trait anxiety ones, except during the neurogenic pain period. However, no correlation was found between OR frequency and levels of state anxiety presented on the EPM. In conclusion, the animals presenting higher anxiety profiles were the most susceptible to orofacial pain, nevertheless, orofacial pain did not influence state anxiety.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Anxiety/psychology , Facial Pain/psychology , Disease Models, Animal , Exploratory Behavior , Pain Measurement , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
Purpose: Desmoplastic Ameloblastoma (DA) is a rare variant of ameloblastoma, with specific clinical, imaginological and histopathological features. The biologic profile of this tumor is not fully understood because of the limited number of reported cases. The purpose of this paper is to report a case of DA mimicking a periapical lesion. Case Description: This tumour appeared in the anterior region of the left upper jaw of a 24-year-old female, between left lateral incisor and canine. The lesion was painless and only a slight swelling of the hard palate mucosa was noted. Radiographically, a well-delimited peak-like radiolucent area promoting root divergence was observed. The lateral incisor failed in responding positively to the pulp tests. Provisional diagnosis of radicular cyst versus fissural cyst was established and surgical enucleation followed by curettage was carried out. Histological examination of the specimens revealed proliferation of nests and cords of compressed odontogenic epithelium immersed in a densely collagenized stroma, associated to a few irregular bone trabeculae. Conclusion: These features were consistent with DA. The presence of a pulpally necrotic incisor and the atypical radiographic appearance obscured the disease. Despite the high rates of recurrence, no clinical or radiographic sign of reincidence of the tumor was detected one year later.
Objetivo: Ameloblastoma desmoplásico (AD) é uma rara variante do ameloblastoma, com características clínicas, imaginológicas e histopatológicas específicas. O perfil biológico deste tumor não é totalmente compreendido, devido ao número limitado de casos notificados. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar um caso de AD simulando uma lesão periapical. Descrição do caso: Este tumor apareceu na região anterior da maxila esquerda numa paciente do gênero feminino de 24 anos de idade, entre o incisivo lateral esquerdo e o canino. A lesão era indolor e apresentava apenas um ligeiro inchaço da mucosa do palato duro. Radiograficamente, uma área radiolúcida bem delimitada que promovia a divergência radicular foi observada. O incisivo lateral respondeu negativamente aos testes pulpares. Diagnóstico provisório de cisto radicular versus cisto fissural foi estabelecido e enucleação cirúrgica seguida de curetagem foi realizada. O exame histológico das amostras revelou a proliferação dos ninhos e cordões de epitélio odontogênico comprimidos imersos em um estroma densamente colagenizado, associada a um trabeculado ósseo levemente irregular.Conclusão: Estas características eram consistentes com AD. A necrose pulpar do incisivo e o aparecimento radiográfico atípico mascararam a real natureza da doença. Apesar das altas taxas de recorrência, nenhum sinal clínico ou radiográfico de recidiva do tumor foi detectado um ano mais tarde.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Young Adult , Ameloblastoma/surgery , Ameloblastoma/diagnosis , Maxillary NeoplasmsABSTRACT
Egletes viscosa Less (Asteraceae), popularly known as ômacelaõ or ômacela-da-terraõ, is a plant widely used in popular medicine due toits anti-inflammatory, bactericidal, antidiarrhoea, mio-relaxant, antispasmodic, antinociceptive, digestive, and anti-viral properties.Phytochemical screening of aqueous extract of Egletes viscosa (AEEV)revealed the high presence of flavonoids. This study examined the oralantinociceptive potential of AEEV in rodents using different concentrations (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, p.o.). The results showed significant antinociceptive action when tested in writhing (200 and 400 mg/kg-p<0.05) and in the second phase of formalin tests(200 mg/kg-p<0.01 and 400 mg/kg-p<0.001). The inhibition (%) of extract in the writhing test was 63.4, 56.7, and 79.2% respectively for 200, 400, and acetyl salicylic acid (300 mg/kg); for the formalin test (second phase) results were 66.1, 84.7, and 96.2% respectively for 200, 400, and acetyl salicylic acid (300 mg/kg). Collectively, these observations suggest that AEEV is effective against continuous inflammatory pain. AEEV was well tolerated. In an acute toxicity test,oral administration of 5 g/kg of AEEV was performed and no mortality rate was observed. Similarly, in a subchronic toxicity study, no mortality was observed after 30 days of daily oral administration of 100 mg/kg of AEEV. There was no significant difference in the body and organ weights between control and experimental animals in both acute and subchronic toxicity tests. Pathological assays did not reveal any evidence of detectable differences in the gross appearance, as well as in thearchitectural or cellular pattern characteristics of the internal organsof the animals in both acute and subchronic tests. Nevertheless, significant differences were verified between males of the experimentaland control groups regarding the levels of hemoglobin and leukocytes...
Egletes viscosa Less (Asteraceae), popularmente conhecida como ômacelaõ ou ômacela-da-terraõ, é uma plantalargamente usada na medicina popular devido as suas propriedades: anti-inflamatória, bactericida, antidiarréica, mio-relaxante, anti-espasmódica,antinociceptiva, digestiva e anti-viral. Análise fitoquímica do extrato aquoso da Egletes viscosa (AEEV) mostrou elevada presença de flavonóides. Este estudo examinou o potencial antinociceptivo do AEEV em roedores usando diferentes concentrações (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.). Os resultados mostraram significante efeito antinociceptivo quando testadas as doses (200 mg/kgp<0.01; 400 mg/kg-p<0.05) e na segunda fase dos testes com formalina (200 and 400 mg/kg-p<0.001). Este efeitoantinociceptivo foi similar ao ácido acetilsalicílico (300 mg/kg) nas doses de 200 e 400 mg/kg. Adicionalmente,estas observações sugerem que o AEEV é efetivo contra dores inflamatórias contínuas. AEEV foi bem tolerada. No teste de toxicidade aguda, utilizando uma administração oral de 5 g/kg de AEEV, não foi observado casos demortalidade. Da mesma maneira, no estudo subcrônico nenhuma mortalidade foi observada após 30 dias de administração oral diária de 100 mg/kg do AEEV. Não houve diferença significativa entre os pesos corporal e dos órgãos isolados quando comparados grupo controle e teste tanto no estudo agudo quanto subcrônico. Ensaioshistopatológicos não revelaram diferenças entre a aparência dos tecidos, assim como na estrutura celular dos órgãos dos animais do estudo agudo e subcrônico. No entanto, diferenças significativas foram verificadas entre osmachos do grupo experimental e controle quanto à hemoglobina e leucócitos. Conclui-se que o extrato estudado não induziu nenhum risco na maioria dos parâmetros avaliados e, ainda, mostrou efeito antinociceptivo. No entanto, o aumento dos níveis dehemoglobina e leucócitos devem ser melhor investigados.