Resistance pattern of ciprofloxacin against different pathogens

Ciprofloxacin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic widely prescribed in clinical and hospital settings. The emergence of antimicrobial resistance against effective antibiotics is a global issue. The objective of study is the surveillance of ciprofloxacin against common pathogens. To investigate the present status of antimicrobial resistance against ciprofloxacin, five hundred and twenty four clinical isolates of Escherichia coli [30%], Staphylococcus aureus [33%], Salmonella typhi [9%], Klebsiella pneumonia [14%] and Pseudomonas aeruginosa [14%] were collected during study from January, 2008 to February, 2009 from different pathological laboratories running in and out side hospitals located in Karachi, Pakistan. These pathogens were isolated from specimens of both in and out patients. The in-vitro antimicrobial activity of ciprofloxacin was carried out by Disc Diffusion Method [Kirby-Bauer test]. Showed that ciprofloxacin is 27.02%, 21.95%, 16.66%, 72.22% and 44.44% resistant to Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa respectively. It is concluded that these clinical isolates have started developing resistance against ciprofloxacin due to its irrational and inappropriate use. Continuous surveillance is crucial to monitor the antimicrobial resistance among pathogens

Comparative study on resistance pattern of different pathogens against cefixime and cefepime

Irrational use of antibiotics has fueled a major increase in prevalence of multi drug resistant pathogens, leading some to speculate that we are nearing the end of antibiotic era. The assessment of the activity of an antibiotic is crucial to the successful outcome of antimicrobial therapy. The objective of the study is to evaluate the resistance pattern between cefixime [a third generation cephalosporin] of 5micro g and cefepime [a fourth generation cephalosporin] of 30 micro g, on a total of 138 different clinical isolates namely as; Escherichia coli [30%], Staphylococcus aureus [30%], Salmonella typhi [14%], Klebsiella pneumoniae [13%] and Pseudomonas aeruginosa [13%]. The isolates were collected over a period of one year [January 2008 to January 2009] from pathological laboratories of different hospitals in Karachi, Pakistan, which comprised of 59 urine, 30 skin pus, 29 ear pus, 15 blood and 5 stool samples. In-vitro antibiotic sensitivity was performed by disk diffusion or Bauer-Kirby method using 0.5 McFarland standard. Cefepime showed good sensitivity of about 92.6% against Escherichia coli, 85% against Staphylococcus aureus, 94% against Klebsiella pneumoniae, 77.77% against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 65% against Salmonella typhi. Cefixime showed least sensitivity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa [16.66%] and maximum effectiveness against Salmonella typhi [90%]. Results of the study indicate that cefepime is more effective for the treatment of infections caused by the above pathogens except for Salmonella typhi. It is concluded that in the face of continuing development of resistance, considerable effort will be required to maintain the effectiveness of these drug groups