Mediterranean Diet and Physical Activity Protect from Silent Brain Infarcts in a Cohort of Patients with Atrial Fibrillation / 대한뇌졸중학회지

No abstract available.

Vertebrometry and discometry of the lumbar functional segment (rebatú-murguía technique) / Vertebrometria e discometria do segmento lombar funcional (técnica rebatú-murguía) / Vertebrometría y discometría del segmento funcional lumbar (técnica rebatú-murguía)

ABSTRACT Surgical treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration aims to restore the height of the disc space and the release of involved neurological structures. Like any surgical treatment in orthopedics, the success or failure of the lumbar procedure involves the possibility of performing an adequate planning of each particular event. In the case of lumbar stabilization surgery with interbody fusion, it is essential to know the ideal height of the disc space for the fusion to be successful. Objective: To demonstrate that the ideal height of the disc space corresponds approximately to one third of the height of the vertebral body. Methods: X-ray images were taken in AP and lateral views of hospital residents to measure L4-L5 vertebral bodies as well as the disc space. The rule of three was used to check the height of the disc and vertebral bodies. Results: It was verified that the disc space corresponds to 31% of the size of the vertebral body, taking 0.31 as the constant. Conclusions: The size of the disc corresponds to one third of the vertebral body, taking 0.31 as the constant. The multiplication of the constant by the height of the vertebral body results in the exact height of the disc. Thus, in the presence of degeneration of the intervertebral disc, it is possible to know the size of the disc and, therefore, the size of the interbody cage.

RESUMO O tratamento cirúrgico da degeneração de disco intervertebral visa restaurar a altura do espaço discal e a liberação de estruturas neurológicas envolvidas. Como qualquer tratamento cirúrgico em ortopedia, o sucesso ou fracasso do procedimento lombar envolve a possibilidade de realizar um planejamento adequado de cada evento em particular. Em se tratando de cirurgia de estabilização lombar com fusão intersomática, é essencial conhecer a altura ideal do espaço discal para que a fusão seja bem-sucedida. Objetivo: Demonstrar que a altura ideal do espaço discal corresponde aproximadamente a um terço da altura do corpo vertebral. Métodos: Foram realizadas radiografias em visão AP e lateral em residentes do hospital para fazer a medição dos corpos vertebrais do segmento funcional L4-L5, assim como do espaço discal. Realizou-se uma comprovação da regra de três com a altura do disco e dos corpos vertebrais. Resultados: Verificou-se que o espaço discal equivale a 31% do tamanho do corpo vertebral, tomando-se como constante 0,31. Conclusão: O tamanho do disco é correspondente a um terço do corpo vertebral, tomando-se um constante 0,31. A multiplicação da constante pela altura do corpo vertebral resulta na altura exata do disco. Assim sendo, em presença de degeneração do disco intervertebral, é possível conhecer o tamanho do disco e, portanto, o tamanho do cage intersomático.

RESUMEN El tratamiento quirúrgico de la enfermedad discal degenerativa tiene como objetivo reestablecer la altura del espacio discal y la liberación de estructuras neurológicas involucradas. Como cualquier tratamiento quirúrgico en ortopedia, el éxito o fracaso de la cirugía lumbar consiste en la posibilidad de realizar una adecuada planeación de cada evento en particular. Hablando de la cirugía de estabilización lumbar con fusión intersomática, conocer la altura ideal del espacio discal es indispensable para una fusión exitosa. Objetivo: Demostrar que la altura ideal del espacio discal corresponde aproximadamente a una tercera parte de la altura del cuerpo vertebral. Métodos: Fueron tomadas radiografías en vista AP y lateral de residentes del hospital para realizar la medición de los cuerpos vertebrales del segmento funcional L4-L5 así como del espacio discal. Se realizó una comprobación de la regla de tres con la altura discal y de los cuerpos vertebrales. Resultados: Se encontró que el espacio discal equivale al 31% del tamaño del cuerpo vertebral, tomándose como constante 0,31. Conclusión: El tamaño del disco equivale a la tercera parte del cuerpo vertebral, tomándose la constante 0,31. La multiplicación de la constante por la altura del cuerpo vertebral, resulta en la altura exacta del disco. Por lo tanto, en presencia de discartrosis, es posible conocer el tamaño del disco y, por lo tanto, el tamaño de la caja intersomática.

Aggregation of the four main risk factors to non-communicable diseases among adolescents / Agregamento dos quatro principais comportamentos de risco às doenças não transmissíveis entre adolescentes

Objective: It was to investigate the cluster of four main risk behaviors (smoking, alcohol, physical inactivity and low consumption of fruits and vegetables) related to chronic diseases from Northeastern Brazil. Methods: Cross-sectional study with a representative sample (n = 600) of high school students from public schools in Caruaru, Pernambuco, Brazil. The cluster was evaluated by comparing the observed prevalence expected in all the possibilities of coupling between the behaviors. The logistic regression analysis was performed by grouping three or four behaviors, after adjusting for independent variables. Results: With the exception of smoking, other risk behaviors had prevalence rates above 20%. Only 0.3% (95%CI 0.1 - 1.3) of the students presented the four risk behaviors simultaneously, while 15.3% (95%CI 12.3 - 18.2) did not present anyone. Risk behaviors tended to cluster, particularly smoking and alcohol consumption, being more pronounced among boys, and physical inactivity and low consumption of fruits and vegetables among girls (p < 0.05). Regression analysis indicated that, among the independent variables, those students who do not have physical education classes were 2.1 times more likely to have three or more risk behaviors added. Conclusions: The results of this study allow us to establish the prevalence of risk behaviors in cluster, which may have important implications for health policies and practices. It is suggested that educational and health actions are tested in schools, and physical education classes can be an important context for intervention. .

Objetivo: Verificar o agregamento dos quatro principais comportamentos de risco (fumo, álcool, inatividade física e baixo consumo de frutas, legumes e verduras) relacionados às doenças crônicas não transmissíveis em uma população do Nordeste do Brasil. Metodologia: Estudo transversal com uma amostra representativa (n = 600) de estudantes do ensino médio da rede pública estadual de Caruaru, Pernambuco. O agregamento foi avaliado comparando a prevalência observada com a esperada em todas as possibilidades de agrupamento entre os comportamentos. A análise de regressão logística foi realizada agrupando três ou quarto comportamentos, sendo ajustadas para as variáveis independentes. Resultados: Com exceção do fumo, os demais comportamentos de risco obtiveram prevalências superiores a 20%. Apenas 0,3% (IC95% 0,1 - 1,3) dos estudantes apresentam os quatro comportamentos de risco de forma agregada, enquanto 15,3% (IC95% 12,3 - 18,2) não apresentaram nenhum. Os comportamentos de risco tenderam ao agregamento, particularmente o fumo e o consumo de álcool, sendo mais acentuado entre os rapazes, e a inatividade física e o baixo consumo de frutas, legumes e verduras, entre as moças (p < 0,05). A análise de regressão indicou que, dentre as variáveis independentes, aqueles estudantes que não fazem aulas de Educação Física têm 2,1 vezes mais chance de apresentar três ou mais comportamentos de risco agregado. Conclusões: Os resultados deste estudo permitem o conhecimento da prevalência dos comportamentos de risco de forma agregada, podendo ter implicações importantes para as práticas e políticas de saúde. Sugere-se que ações de educação e saúde sejam testadas nas escolas, e que as aulas de Educação Física podem ...

Serum albumin level as a risk factor for mortality in burn patients

OBJECTIVE: Hypoalbuminemia is a common clinical deficiency in burn patients and is associated with complications related to increased extravascular fluid, including edema, abnormal healing, and susceptibility to sepsis. Some prognostic scales do not include biochemical parameters, whereas others consider them together with comorbidities. The purpose of this study was to determine whether serum albumin can predict mortality in burn patients. METHODS: We studied burn patients ≥16 years of age who had complete clinical documentation, including the Abbreviated Burn Severity Index, serum albumin, globulin, and lipids. Sensitivity and specificity analyses were performed to determine the cut-off level of albumin that predicts mortality. RESULTS: In our analysis of 486 patients, we found that mortality was higher for burns caused by flame (p = 0.000), full-thickness burns (p = 0.004), inhalation injuries (p = 0.000), burns affecting >30% of the body surface area (p = 0.001), and burns associated with infection (p = 0.008). Protein and lipid levels were lower in the patients who died (p<0.05). Albumin levels showed the highest sensitivity and specificity (84% and 83%, respectively), and the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (0.869) had a cut-off of 1.95 g/dL for mortality. CONCLUSION: Patients with albumin levels <2 g/dL had a mortality risk of >80%, with 84% sensitivity and 83% specificity. At admission, the albumin level could be used as a sensitive and specific marker of burn severity and an indicator of mortality. .

Effect of preoperative donation of autologous blood on venous thromboembolism disease after total hip replacement / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effect of preoperative donation of autologous bood on venous thromboembolism (VTE) after total hip arthroplasty (THA).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Between Jan. 2007 and March. 2010,912 consecutive patients who had THAs performed in Hosptal for Special Surgery were collected, excluded patients with thrombocytopenia or pre-exising bleeding diathesis and patients for whom epidural analgesia was not possible. Among them, there were 428 males and 484 females with an average age of (65.28 +/- 11.90) years (ranged from 24 to 93 years). Among them, 835 cases (91.3%) had osteoarthritis, 32 cases (3.6%) had osteonerrosis, 20 cases (2.3%) had dysplasia, 20 cases (2.2%) had rheumatoid arthritis, and 5 cases (0.6%) had other diagnoses. The surgeries were performed under hypotensive epidural anestheisa (mean arterial pressure between 45 to 55 mm Hg) and through a posterolateral approach, minimizing the duration of femoral vein obstruction and reducing the load of intramedullary content to the venous system by repeated pulsatile lavage and aspiration of the femoral canal. The lower extremity was in the neutral position while working on the acetabulum and flexed and internally rotated while working on the femur. Whenever possible,the lower extremity was extended to a neutral position to restore femoral venous flow. Patients received one bolus of unfractionated intravenous heparin (10 to 15 U/kg), 1 to 2 minutes before femoral canal preparation. All patients were followed up at least 3 months postoperatively. No patient was lost to followed-up.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Seven hundreds and fifty-two patients donated autologous blood before THA, 160 did not donate autologoud blood. The incidence of clinical symoptomatic VTE was 1.3% (11/912). Among the 11 patients with clinical symoptomatic VTE, 5 donated blood pre-operation (0.66%, 5/752) and 6 did not donate pre-operation (3.8%, 6/160). The rate of VTE after THA between autologous blood donation and no blood donation was statistically significant (P = 0.021 < 0.05. The incidence of deep vein thrombosis was 0.8%(8/ 912). Three patients had a symptomatic of Pulmonary embolism.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>A significant decrease in the incidence of VTE is noted in those who had donated blood preoperatively compared with those who had not.</p>

Síndrome HELLP ¿evidencias de una posible respuesta inflamatoria sistémica en la preeclampsia? / The HELPP syndrome: evidence of a possible systemic inflammatory response in pre-eclampsia?

INTRODUCTION: The principal causes of morbidity and mortality during pregnancy in Mexico, are preeclampsia/eclampsia, obstetric hemorrhage and puerperium complications; this is, 62 of maternal deaths in last years. HELLP syndrome was observed between 5 to 25 of the mortality in pregnancies of 36 weeks or less. OBJECTIVE: To analyze patients with HELLP syndrome in ICU's (Intensive Care Unit) of a Gynecology and Obstetric Hospital, related to the abnormal hematological, hepatic and renal results with the obstetric case history and the clinical complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A transversal study in patients with HELLP syndrome during 1998 and 1999 were carry out. CASE DEFINITION: Peripheral blood with Microangiopathic hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes: AST, ALT over 40 UI/L, even when were LDH lower than 600 UI/L. It was evaluated the hepatic and renal function, platelets count, microangiopathic hemolysis, arterial pressure, seizures, icteric skin color, blindness, visual disturbances, nausea, vomiting and upper quadrant right abdominal pain. In newborn we analyzed gestational age, sex, weight and APGAR. We studied for an association between maternal and biochemical variables with Correlation Pearson Test, and dependence between variables with lineal regression model. RESULTS: 2878 patients with hypertensives disorders in pregnancy (11.64). The 1.15 (n = 33) had HELLP syndrome with specific maternal mortality of 0.4 per 10,000 live birth, perinatal mortality of 1.62 per 10,000 live birth; and renal damage in 84.5. Coefficient beta was higher between number of pregnancies to platelets count (-0.33) and creatinine clearance (-0.401). CONCLUSION: We found an important renal damage, low platelets, elevated liver enzymes in women with two or more pregnancies. Then we propose there are similarities between HELLP syndrome and Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) because they could have the same pathophysiology.