ABSTRACT
RESUMEN Objetivo. Presentar una revisión moderna de la fauna de nematodos de la rana esculenta Pelophylax lessonae (Camerano, 1882) de las poblaciones de la cuenca del Río Volga. Materiales y métodos. Este trabajo consolida los datos de diferentes trabajos helmintológicos de los últimos 80 años, respaldados por los resultados de nuestras propias investigaciones. Durante el período de 1936 a 2016 diferentes autores examinaron 1460 especímenes de rana esculenta, utilizando el método de autopsia helmintológica completa de 13 regiones de la cuenca del Río Volga. Resultados. En total se registraron 9 especies de nematodos. Nematodo Icosiella neglecta encontrado por primera vez en el huésped estudiado en el territorio de Rusia y la cuenca del Río Volga. Tres especies parecían estar más extendidas: Oswaldocruzia filiformis, Cosmocerca ornata e Icosiella neglecta. Para cada especie de helmintos se incluyó la siguiente información: posición sistemática, áreas de detección, localización, biología, lista de hospederos definitivos, nivel de especificidad del hospedero. Conclusiones. Los nematodos de la rana esculenta, excepto I. neglecta, pertenecen al grupo de helmintos transmitidos por el suelo (geohelmintos) y parasitan en estadios adultos. Algunas especies (O. filiformis, C. ornata, I. neglecta) están muy extendidas en el área de distribución del hospedador. Estos dos últimos son capaces de alcanzar altos índices de invasión y también de ser los parásitos subyacentes de la rana esculenta. Esto sucede debido a la especificidad del ciclo de vida de estas especies de nematodos y a la conexión a largo plazo del anfibio con el agua.
ABSTRACT Objetive. Present a modern review of the nematodes fauna of the pool frog Pelophylax lessonae (Camerano, 1882) from Volga basin populations on the basis of our own research and literature sources analysis. Materials and methods. Present work consolidates data from different helminthological works over the past 80 years, supported by our own research results. During the period from 1936 to 2016 different authors examined 1460 specimens of pool frog, using the method of full helminthological autopsy, from 13 regions of the Volga basin. Results. In total 9 nematodes species were recorded. Nematode Icosiella neglecta found for the first time in the studied host from the territory of Russia and Volga basin. Three species appeared to be more widespread: Oswaldocruzia filiformis, Cosmocerca ornata and Icosiella neglecta. For each helminth species the following information included: systematic position, areas of detection, localization, biology, list of definitive hosts, the level of host-specificity. Conclusions. Nematodes of pool frog, excluding I. neglecta, belong to the group of soil-transmitted helminthes (geohelminth) and parasitize in adult stages. Some species (O. filiformis, C. ornata, I. neglecta) are widespread in the host range. The latter two are able to reach high invasion indices and also to be the background parasites of the pool frog. It happens due to these nematode species life cycle specificity and the long-term connection of the amphibian with water.
Subject(s)
Parasites , Ranidae , NematodaABSTRACT
The phytochemical investigation of Vitex pinnata led to the isolation of a mixture of steroids β-sitosterol and stigmasterol (1a and 1b) and three known flavonoid identified as 5-hydroxy-3, 7, 4’-trimethoxyflavone (2), 5-hydroxy-7,4’-dimethoxy-flavone (3) and 5-hydroxy-3,3’,4’,7-tetramethoxyflavone (4). The structures of all isolated compounds were carried out by NMR and mass spectrometry. The isolated compounds were evaluated for their anti-infective activities against Trypanosoma brucei brucei and Mycobacterium marinum. Compound 1-4 showed moderate antitrypanosomal activity with MIC values of 6.25μg/ml, 19.0, 21.0 and 17.0μM, respectively while no activity observed on anti-mycobacterial. This study is the first to report the presence of three flavones and their antitrypanosomal activity from V. pinnata.
ABSTRACT
Identificar la frecuencia de síndrome de burnout (SBO) en los estudiantes de Medicina pertenecientes a sociedades científicas peruanas en el 2015. Material y Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal. La población estudiada fueron todos los estudiantes de medicina humana pertenecientes a 9 sociedades científicas de diferentes departamentos del Perú y afiliadas a la Sociedad Científica Médica Estudiantil Peruana (SOCIMEP). La recolección de datos fue a través de un cuestionario para datos biográficos y el Maslach Burnout Inventory. Resultados: Se encuestó a 158 estudiantes de medicina humana pertenecientes a 9 sociedades científicas peruanas. El 24,1 % tuvo un nivel severo de agotamiento emocional, el 45,6% un nivel severo de despersonalización, el 25,3% un nivel bajo de realización personal y 57,6% tuvieron SBO. El 60,8% de los estudiantes se encontraba realizando algún trabajo de investigación y el 49,4% ocupaba algún cargo en su sociedad científica. Conclusiones: Se identificó una importante frecuencia de SBO en los estudiantes de Medicina pertenecientes a las sociedades científicas estudiadas...
To identify the frequency of burnout syndrome (BOS) in medical students belonging to Peruvian scientific societies (2015). Material and Methods: It is an observational, descriptive and transversal study. The study population was all students of human medicine belonging to 9 scientific societies involving different departments of Peru and affiliated to the Sociedad Científica Médica Estudiantil Peruana (SOCIMEP). The data collection was through a biographical data questionnaire and the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Results: We surveyed 158 students of Human Medicine belonging to 9 Peruvian scientific societies. The 24.1% had a severe emotional exhaustion level, 45.6% a severe level of depersonalization, 25.3% reported low level of personal accomplishment, and 57.6% had BOS. The 60.8% of students were doing some research and 49.4% occupied a position in the scientific society. Conclusions: An important frequency of BOS was identified in the medical students belonging to scientific societies of the study...
Subject(s)
Humans , Burnout, Professional , Stress, Psychological , Students, Medical , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Observational Study , Cross-Sectional Studies , PeruABSTRACT
Chemical investigation of the leaves of Struchium sparganophora by the application of VLC, CL and PTLC resulted in isolation of three compounds. The cytotoxicity activity of these compounds on malignant human cultured cells was examined. Vernodalin showed a significant cytotoxic activity on the melanoma and ovarian cancer cell lines [P<0.05] while the conjugated 3 methyl, 2, 6 hexacosedienol and luteolin caused cell death after 48h reculture without them. These compounds portend an effective remedy if subjected to structural modification to enhance its' efficacy and the dietary importance of this plant as a culinary herb in west Africa countries is evidence by the presence of these antitumour compounds in this plant
Subject(s)
Humans , Cytotoxins/pharmacology , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Chloroform/chemistry , Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor , Fatty Alcohols , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Plant Leaves/chemistry , SesquiterpenesABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to investigate the ability of allopurinol (1) to inhibit free radical or reactive oxygen species (.OH, ¹O2, H2O2) as well as the study of its photochemical activity. We investigated the ability of 1 to scavenge oxygen metabolites generated by cell-free systems using luminol enhanced-chemiluminescence and electronic absorption spectra as monitors. Both absorbance and fluorescence scans reveal that 1 is able to react with equimolar quantities of H2O2. In the presence of 1 a dose-dependent inhibition period was observed in this system as assayed by isoluminol-enhanced chemiluminescence (ILCL) in the presence of horseradish peroxidase (HRP), as well as by luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence (LCL) in the presence of H2O2 or ferrous ion. On the other hand, 1 did not show an efficient scavenging activity of galvanoxyl radical in ethanolic solutions. Furthermore, in a separate experiment, it was not observed trapping of singlet oxygen (¹O2) generated by Rose Bengal, in the presence of 1. The activity of 1 was compared with that of vitamins E and C. In vitro experiments of photohemolysis in presence of 1 and cinoxacin, a phototoxic antibacterial quinolone, the photohemolytic effect of cinoxacin was diminished. Allopurinol alone did not show any phototoxic effect under irradiation with UV-A or visible light but was photo-unstable and phototoxic in vitro with UV-B light.
Se estudió la habilidad del alopurinol (1) para inhibir radicales libres o especies reactivas de oxigeno (.OH, ¹O2, H2O2), igualmente se determinó su actividad fotoquímica. De otro lado se midió la habilidad de 1 para eliminar los metabolitos de oxígeno generados por un sistema libre de células basado en quimioluminicencia aumentada de luminol y se monitoreo el espectro de absorción electrónica. Las dos determinaciones, absorbancia y fluorescencia, revelan que 1 es capaz de reaccionar con cantidades equimoleculares de H2O2. En presencia de alopurinol se observan periodos de inhibición dosis dependiente al usar isoluminol como intensificador de luminiscencia (ILCL) en presencia de peroxidasa de rábano o ión ferroso. Por otro lado, 1 no mostró una eficiente actividad frente a radicales galvanoxil en solución etanólica. En otros experimentos en presencia de 1 no se observó bloqueo de especies de oxígeno singlete (¹O2) generado por rosa bengala. La habilidad de 1 fue comparada con la de vitaminas E y C. En experimentos de fotohemólisis in vitro en presencia de 1 y cinoxacin, quinolona fototóxico antibanterial, el efecto fotohemolítico del cinoxacin fue disminuido. El alopurinol no mostró efecto fototóxico por irradiación con luz UV-A o luz visible, sin embargo se mostró foto - inestable y fototóxico in vitro bajo irradiación con luz UV-B.
ABSTRACT
Ferula hermonis Boiss [Apiaceae] is known in the Midleast as [zallouh] In the last decade, scientists paid attention to study chemistry and biological activity of the plant. In this study Ferula hermonis were collected and evaluated for cytotoxic activity. The plant was extracted using different polarity solvents: petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and methanol. The cytotoxic effect of the extracts was examined in-vitro on human cell line [stomach cancer cell line, SCL-40]. The assay was based on incubation of tetrazolium dye [MTT; a yellow water-soluble tetrazolium dye that is reduced by live, but not dead cells] with the cells that pre-incubated with a tested substance. A purple formazan product that produced can be determined spectrophotometrically. The result confirmed that the SCL-40 cells were much more sensitive to the petroleum extract than other extracts, which showed the prominent cytotoxicity. The plant showed pronounced cytotoxic activity will be further evaluated for the possible isolation of active antitumour compounds
Subject(s)
Ferula/toxicity , Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic , Plant ExtractsABSTRACT
Bursera graveolens (Burseraceae), known in Colombia as "sasafrás", is useful for its medicinal properties and is rich in secondary metabolites. In our research, we carried out antimicrobial tests of several fractions and ethanolic extracts from aerial parts against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus, that showed growth inhibitory activity when applied at 250 mg/mL for extracts and 150 mg/mL for fractions. We carried out an antiinflamatory assay also, that showed 71 por ciento of inhibition by extracts (81 por ciento of Indomethacin) and 70 por ciento of inhibition by fractions (78 por ciento of Indomethacin). Phytochemical investigation of the bark of Bursera graveolens (Burseraceae) yielded three tetracyclic triterpene acids that have oxygenation in C-3, carboxylic acid in C-21 and unsaturation in C-24 and have been identified as 3-oxotirucalla-8,24-dien-21-oic acid (b-elemonic acid), 3a-hydroxytirucalla-8,24-dien-21-oic acid (a-elemolic acid) and 3a-hydroxytirucalla-7,24-dien-21-oic acid. The isolated compounds were identified using spectroscopic methods including one and two-dimensional Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (COSY, HMQC, HMBC, NOESY) experiments and comparison with published data. This is the first report of the isolated compounds in Bursera graveolens and they have a very important chemotaxonomic significance within the Burseraceae family and related families from the order Rutales.
ABSTRACT
Una tinción de inmunoperoxidasa indirecta (complejo avidina-biotina)usando el anticuerpo monoclonal 5DF12-3B6, que reconoce la proteína N del virus de la rabia, se usó para detectar antígeno del virus de la rabia en muestras de tejidos de 15 especies animales y una muestra humana infectadas con rabia naturalmente o experiementalmente. Este anticuerpo monoclonal reconoció todas las 16 cepas de virus de la rabia que se usaron en este estudio, como también lyssavirs relacionados a rabia como Duvenhage, Lagos Bat y Mokola. La muestra infectada com Mokola inicialmente sólo demonstró una tinción débil, la que se hizo más fuerte cundo se eliminó el tratamiento con Pronase E. La tinción es sensible y específica, identificando correctamente al antígeno de rabia en todas las muestras usadas con excepción de una muestra (37/38) que era débilmente positiva por IFA y muy pequeña. Además no se detectó tinción específica en las muestras negativas (23/23). La utilidad del método de tinción de inmunohistoquímica descrito se base en la habilidad de un anticuerpo monoclonal para reconocer un amplio espectro de lyssavirus en tejidos fijados en formalina