ABSTRACT
The study was carried out with the aim of investigating the association between F level concentration in tap waters in Alexandria and dental caries in a random sample of primary school children representing its six districts. Various other environmental sources e.g. food and tea as "popular drink and some hygienic factors were asked about 1- F-level concentration in tap water was found to be with in the recommended standard. 2- The caries incidence is very high among the primary school-children in Alexandria. 3- High percent of school children drink tea as a popular drink containing high level of F. 4- The high incidence of caries can be attributed to the bad hygienic conditions and other close related factors
Subject(s)
Water , Fluorides , SchoolsABSTRACT
This study devoted to 200 cases having obstructive pulmonary disease. The data concerning the human and environmental factors was collected through an observation sheet. Estimation of alpha[1-]antitrypsin of the serum was done in randomely selected 40 cases with obstructive pulmonary disease, besides 40 normal healthy individuals as a control using the immunodiffusion technique. In the studied cases with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, there were 2 cases with severe deficiency and 10 cases with intermediate type of deficiency. Patients with severe deficiency developed their disease at a younger age than the others. Cigarette exposure was less intense in homozygotes than in heterozygotes and the difference was significant. It has been found that patients with homozygous antitrypsin deficiency develop their disease irrespective of smoking histories or exposure to air pollution but those with intermediate deficiency are prone to develop symptomatic obstructive pulmonary disease only if they smoke cigarettes or are exposed unduly to respiratory irritants during the course of their employment