ABSTRACT
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical characteristics of pneumocystis pneumonia [PCP] between patients with rheumatoid arthritis [RA] being treated with biologics and those being treated without biologics
Methods: From 220 patients with RA in our institution, we enrolled 12 patients who had developed pneumocystis pneumonia throughout the course of their management. They were divided into two groups according to the treatment they were receiving for rheumatoid arthritis: the biologics group [n = 6] and the nonbiologics group [n = 6]. Clinical characteristics of pneumocystis pneumonia were compared between the two groups
Results: At pneumocystis pneumonia diagnosis, the biologics group showed significantly lower serum levels of -D-glucan and C-reactive protein than the nonbiologics group, whereas the biologics group had significantly higher lymphocyte counts than the nonbiologics group. In the nonbiologics group, lower lymphocyte counts were associated with higher -D-glucan levels; nonetheless, this was not witnessed in the biologics group
Conclusion: The finding that rheumatoid arthritis patients being treated with biologics developed pneumocystis pneumonia with relatively normal lymphocyte counts and lower -D-glucan levels suggests that the pathophysiology of pneumocystis pneumonia in those patients is different from that in patients being treated with other antirheumatic drugs
ABSTRACT
Background: Irritable Bowel Syndrome [IBS] is a very common gastrointestinal dysfunction. Notwithstanding strong evidence of high prevalence of depression and anxiety in IBS there is very limited research on this topic in KSA
Materials and Methods: Cases of irritable bowel syndrome and controls with non-ulcerative dyspepsia were employed between March 2016 to May 2017 from the gastroenterology department in King Abdulaziz hospital, KSA. Presence of anxiety disorder and depression were evaluated by utilizing the Hamilton Anxiety rating scale and Hamilton Depression rating scale respectively. Occurrence rates of anxiety and depression were established and Odds Ratio [OR] was calculated to determine the association of depression and anxiety disorders with IBS
Results: In IBS cases, the prevalence of depression and anxiety disorder was 37.2% and 31.5% respectively. In patients with irritable bowel syndrome the OR for depression was 6.1 [95% CI 1.7-23.6, P=0.008] and the OR for anxiety disorder was 7.3 [95% CI 1.5-36.2, P=0.011]
Conclusion: The occurrence of depression and anxiety disorder in IBS is very high. As a result, screening of IBS patients for anxiety and depression would facilitate better interventions and consequently better outcomes and medical treatment