ABSTRACT
Many factors affect tobacco quit rate. In this study we investigated the abstinence rate after 5 years based on the age of smoking initiation. This pre-post field trial study was conducted on 398 smokers who participated voluntarily in a smoking cessation clinic in 2005. They were followed for 5 years and their success or failure in continuous abstinence was evaluated and recorded in 2010. Three hundred and five participants [76.6%] succeeded at the end of the course. Follow up at the end of 2010 revealed that 111 [27.8%] cases were still maintaining their continuous abstinence after 5 years including 64 men and 47 women. The mean age of smoking initiation in successful and failed subjects was 21.9 and 20.7 years respectively. The age of smoking initiation could be a predictor of maintaining abstinence in the future. Starting smoking at an earlier age could have a negative effect on long-term abstinence
ABSTRACT
At present, cigarette smoking results in the death of more than 5 million people annually and if the current trend of smoking continues in the 21[st] century, tobacco-related deaths are projected to grow to one billion. Pictorial warning labels on cigarette packaging are amongst the most effective tools for educating smokers and non-smokers alike about the health risks of tobacco use. Article 11 of the International Tobacco Control Treaty and article 5 of the National Comprehensive Law on Tobacco Control in Iran have discussed this issue. This study aimed at evaluating the correlation between pictorial warning labels on cigarette packaging and quit intention in smokers. In this cross sectional study, 581 smokers presenting to a smoking cessation clinic [affiliated to theTobacco Control Society] in the year 2009 were evaluated. Smokers were asked to fill out a questionnaire including personal information, history of smoking, number of cigarettes smoked per day, brand of cigarette smoked, whether or not the cigarette used had pictorial warning label, smoking rate before the placement of pictorial warnings compared to after, whether or not they support the placement of such images, and role of these pictures in their quit intention. Data were analyzed using SPSS ver. 15 software. A total of 581 smokers participated in this study out of which 512 were males with a mean age of 41 +/- 14 yrs and 69 were females with a mean age of 42 +/- 9.9 yrs. The mean history of smoking was 20 yrs. Six months after placement of pictorial warning labels on some cigarette packets, 67.6% of smokers still purchased packets with no such labels. A total of 62% of smokers supported the placement of pictures and 8% stated that seeing the pictorial warning motivated them to quit smoking. Pictorial warning labels play a role in motivating smokers to quit. Although most smokers presenting to the clinic used packets without pictorial warnings, most of them supported the placement of these pictures