Polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma of submandibular gland

Introduction: Polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma [PLGA] occurs mostly in minor salivary glands, and there are only a few reports of major salivary gland origin

Case Presentation: We herein report a case of de novo PLGA arising in a submandibular gland in an 88 years-old woman. On examination, a large firm and non-tender mass was palpable in the submandibular region

Conclusions: Neither lymphadenopathy nor enlargement of any other salivary glands was present. CT showed a well-defined mass with irregular enhancement in the submandibular gland

Analytical review of health policies in development plans in IRI

Long term development plans are tools to draw future outlooks. This paper seeks to examine the health sector within the context of the laws adopted for the development plans after the victory of Islamic Revolution. In this study, a qualitative method was performed using the coordinated methods and analytical technique. In this method, five development plans, adopted in the Islamic Republic of Iran has been studied. All five development plans ratified and adopted after the victory of the Islamic Revolution on health sector were bold with existing related laws and rules. In the first and second development plans, laws on expansion of the health care network and population control exist. In the third development plan, the law deals with the handling over the responsibility of the health care service. In the fourth and fifth plans, the law insists on the reduction of payments out of the pockets of the patients while enhancing efficiency. A glance at the related-health care materials in five development plans show that the program was initially adopted to deal with the physical development of the health care centers in public sectors. At the beginning of third development plan, the facilities over of the health care services was taken into consideration while regarding the distributive equity. In the fourth and fifth plans the concepts, such as health care equity or justice were introduced and the outlook from physical development was shifted to justice and financial equity in health care service

Does oral contraceptive pill increase the risk of abnormal Pap smear?

It is noted that oral contraceptive pills increase the risk of abnormal Pap smear but results have been inconsistent across the populations. This study aimed to evaluate the association between oral contraceptive pill [OCP] consumption and abnormal Pap smear in women who referred to Shahid Sadoughi and Madar hospitals in Yazd. A cross sectional descriptive study was carried out and a database of all Pap smear reports from 2009-2011 at Cytopathology Department of Shahid Sadoughi and Madar hospitals in Yazd, Iran was reviewed. A total number of 1286 women with history of OCP consumption were selected as the case group and 1218 women applying other contraceptive methods were selected as control group for evaluation. Both case and control groups were matched by age, parity and socioeconomic status. All of the women in this study maintained a single partner as their husband and none of them were considered as smokers. The duration of OCP use was at least 5 years. Abnormal Pap smear results were observed in 0.4% of cases and 0.2% of controls. There was no significant association between OCP consumption and abnormal Pap smear [p=0.727]. Our findings did not show any specific association between OCP consumption and abnormal Pap smear results. In addition, the number of abnormal Pap smears in women who consumed OCP was lower than that of western countries. More prospective studies are required

Squamous cell carcinoma on uncommon locations in a family with epidermolysis bullosa

Epidermolysis bullosa [EB] is a group of dermatological conditions characterized by development ot bullae and ulcers following trivial trauma. One of the most important complications of EB is squamous cell carcinoma. While occurance of skin squamous cell carcinoma is common in epidermolysis bullosa, its occurence on mucosal surface is rare. Herein, we report two members of a family who developed squamous cell carcinoma on their esophagus and tongue

Proposed model for integrating health and social welfare system in Iran [a comparative study]

This study was performed to recognize the structure, covering criteria and basic duties of the ministry of welfare and social security in Iran and some selected countries and to choose an appropriate structure for Iran. This study is a comparative- explorative study and performed to draw a model for Iran health and welfare system according to health, medicare, welfare and social security system in the selective country on the basis of structural concentration. The results of this study showed some differences and some similarities in the structure of welfare and social security in target communities. Similarities: in most countries the basics of duties for reaching goals were the same. The structure was simple, brief and the planning was centralized and the performance was non-centralized. The whole structure of ministry of welfare and social security management was non-centralized. Differences: there were two different methods for analysis of welfare and social security; coverage method and occupational method. In most countries there was a strong bond between the health and treatment, and welfare and social security organizations. Changing the structure of the Ministry of Health, and Ministry of Welfare and Social Security; and combining these two Ministries into the Ministry of Health and Social Security can lead to more coordination in strategic planning; reduction in tasks overlap, redoing, treatment costs and social damages; and appropriate allocation of resources and increasing social welfare

[ relationship between job satisfaction and Hertzberg's motivative-hygienic factors in staffs of Yasouj hospitals]

Efficacy and success of each organization depends on its employee's efforts as well as their job satisfaction. Our study was conducted to determine the relationship between job satisfaction and Hertzberg's motivative-hygienic factors in staff of Yasouj hospitals. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 100 staff of Yasouj hospitals were selected randomly and participated in the research. The data were collected via a self-report standardized questionnaire. All variables were assessed using a 5-point scale [1-5]. Among the hygienic factors, physical environment and job security were the most important factors. Among the motivative factors, perception of success in labor and myrtle concern in labor was the most important factors. Motivative factors were more efficient than hygienic factors for job motivation. Most of staff believed that welfare opportunities, inequity, incompetence, are the most negative important factors in work promotion. There was a significant relationship between age, salary situation and hygienic factors. However, there were no significant differences in regard of gender, marriage, employment status, academic achievement and motivative-hygienic factors. Planning to provide "suitable salary", "job security", "policy", "work condition", "job responsibility", "interest in the job" and "recognition" can be impressive in employee performance improvement