ABSTRACT
The present study investigated the chemical profiles and evaluated the inhibitory effect against 5-Lipoxygenase (5-Lox) activity for extracts of ginger rhizome, callus, and callus treated with the elicitors; yeast extract (100, 300 and 500 mg/L), glycine (100, 200 and 300 mg/L) and salicylic acid (100 and 200 mg/L). Oils and chloroform: methanol (CM) extracts were prepared by maceration in petroleum ether and CM (1:1, v/v), respectively. Chemical profiles were determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. Oil of the callus recorded higher 5-Lox inhibitory effect (IC50 58.33±4.66 µg/mL) than the oil of rhizome (IC50168.34±15.64 µg/mL) and comparable to that of the positive control; Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (IC50 61.25±1.02 µg/mL). The chemical profile of the callus oil contained large amounts of fatty acids, mainly the unsaturated fatty acid oleic acid (31.11%) and saturated fatty acid palmitic acid (28.56%). Elicitors modified the chemical profile of the callus and ameliorated the anti-5-Lox activity of CM extract of the callus. CM extracts of callus treated with 100 and 300 mg/L yeast extract and 50 mg/L salicylic acid significantly suppressed (P ≤ 0.05) the 5-Lox activity by 33.16%, 25.46% and 16%, respectively as compared to the CM extract of untreated callus. In conclusion, ginger callus could be considered as a valuable dietary supplement in the treatment of various inflammatory disorders.
O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar os perfis químicos e avaliar o efeito inibitório da atividade da 5-Lipoxigenase (5-Lox) em extratos de rizoma, calo e calo de gengibre tratados com os eliciadores; extrato de levedura (100, 300 e 500 mg / L), glicina (100, 200 e 300 mg / L) e ácido salicílico (100 e 200 mg / L). Extratos de óleos e clorofórmio: metanol (CM) foram preparados por maceração em éter e CM (1: 1, v / v), respectivamente. Os perfis químicos foram determinados por análise de cromatografia gasosa / espectrometria de massa (GC / MS). O óleo do calo registrou maior efeito inibitório de 5-Lox (IC50 58,33 ± 4,66 µg / mL) do que o óleo de rizoma (IC50168,34 ± 15,64 µg / mL) e comparável ao do controle positivo; Ácido nordi-hidroguaiarético (IC50 61,25 ± 1,02 µg / mL). O perfil químico do óleo de calo continha grandes quantidades de ácidos graxos, principalmente o ácido graxo insaturado ácido oleico (31,11%) e ácido graxo saturado palmítico (28,56%). Os elicitores modificaram o perfil químico do calo e melhoraram a atividade anti-5-Lox do extrato de CM do calo. Extratos de CM de calos tratados com 100 e 300 mg / L de extrato de levedura e 50 mg / L de ácido salicílico suprimiram significativamente (P ≤ 0,05) a atividade de 5-Lox em 33,16%, 25,46% e 16%, respectivamente, em comparação com o extrato de CM de calo não tratado. Em conclusão, o calo de gengibre pode ser considerado um suplemento dietético valioso no tratamento de vários distúrbios inflamatórios.
Subject(s)
Lipoxygenase/analysis , Salicylic Acid , Zingiber officinale/chemistry , Rhizome/chemistry , YeastsABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of ultrasound [US] guided radial artery cannulation as compared to the blind insertion of arterial line in intensive care unit of a tertiary care center
Methodology: One hundred patients were divided into two equal groups. In group I, arterial line was inserted using the blind palpation technique. While in group II, arterial line was inserted with the help of ultrasound guidance. The primary endpoints were time of insertion in 1st attempt, number of first successful attempts and maximum number of attempts used for insertion of arterial line. Data was analyzed by using SPSS V23. Chi-square test was used for analysis of gender and successful insertion in 1st attempt. Independent sample t-test and Mann-Whitney U-test were used to compare quantitative variables
Results: Mean baseline systolic blood pressure, mean diastolic blood pressure and mean pulse rate before surgery were also not significantly different between the groups. Arterial line was inserted in first attempt in in 88.0% patients in ultrasound guided group and in only 70.0% patients in blind palpation group [p-value 0.027]. Arterial line insertion time in 1st attempt was also significantly less in ultrasound guided group 77.68+/-7.98 seconds versus 95.46+/-15.53 seconds in blind palpation group [p-value <0.001]. We also found less number of attempts 1.16+/-0.37 in ultrasound guided group versus 1.44+0.67 in blind palpation group [p-value 0.025]
Conclusion: Ultrasound guided radial artery cannulation is associated with higher rate of successful insertion and less time is required for arterial line insertion as compared to blind palpation method
ABSTRACT
Objective: To determine the prevalence of health issues among hajj pilgrims and the factors associated with them
Method: An observational study conducted during hajj [Year 2011] using a questionnaire which was filled by pilgrims on their visit to the health clinics conducted by the Imamia Medics International
Results: During the period, pilgrims presented complaints related to the respiratory system 52.5% [n=394] followed by musculoskeletal system 29.6% [n=222], gastrointestinal system 15.5%[n=116], skin problems 5.9%[n=44], central nervous system 3.1%[n=23], cardiovascular system 2.9%[n=22], reproductive system 2.7%[n=20], urinary tract problems 2.3%[n=17] were dealt with. Out of 750, 17.9% [n=134] were diabetic and 26.4% [n=198] were hypertensive. Amongst the total, 24.8% [n=186] were vaccinated against hepatitis while 35.7% [n=268] were vaccinated against pneumonia. An astonishingly high percentage of the pilgrims had no prior immunization to both hepatitis and pneumonia
Conclusion: This data tries to emphasize awareness regarding the importance of vaccination and the potential problems which are faced by diabetic, hypertensive and older population which can help to improve the health condition of hajj pilgrims and can lessen the burden faced by concerned authorities
ABSTRACT
Knee osteoarthritis [KO] is the most common joint disease for which there is no optimal treatment. Monochromatic infrared photo energy [MIPE] is a relatively new light modality used to reduce pain and increase circulation. Low Level Laser Therapy [LLLT] is another light modality used to reduce pain in KO. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of the MIPE and LLLT in improving pain and function in KO. Sixty participants with KO completed the program and were randomly assigned into two groups. Group 1 [experimental, n=30] received MIPE and exercises. Group 2 [control, n=30] received LLLT and exercises. Both groups received two visits per week for six weeks. Outcome included pain intensity measured on a visual analogue scale and physical function measured with the lower extremity functional scale, before and after the 12 therapy sessions [6 weeks after the start of the intervention]. There were statistically significant improvements in pain intensity and lower extremity functional scale scores [p<0.05] in each group. However, no significant differences were recorded between the groups [p>0.05]. Therefore, MIPE and LLLT reduce pain and improve function in KO; however, there are no differences between the two modalities in reducing pain and increasing physical function in KO