ABSTRACT
Background: Oligodendrocyte cell death is among the important features of spinal cord injury, which appears within 15 min and occurs intensely for 4 h after injury, in the rat spinal contusion model. Accordingly, the number of oligodendrocytes progressively reduced within 24 h after injury. Administration of oligodendrocyte-like cells [OLCs] into the lesion area is one of the approaches to counterbalance this condition
Methods: Bone marrow stromal cells were transdifferentiated into neurospheres and then into neural stem cells and later were differentiated into OLCs using triiodothyronine and transplanted into the spinal cord contusion rats. The postinjury functional recovery was explored and compared with the control group using Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan and narrow beam behavioral tests. At the end of 12th week, spinal cord segments T12-L1 were histomorphologically studied by immunohistochemistry
Results: Motor improvement was more obvious during 2nd to 4th weeks and got less prominent during 4th to 12th weeks. Histomorphometric findings indicated that cavity formation decreased in epicenter of transplantation area in experimental groups in comparison with the control groups
Conclusion: The findings obtained in the present study showed that OLC therapy is a potential approach in the treatment of spinal cord traumatic injuries
ABSTRACT
Background: the present study investigated the functional maturity of oligodendrocyte derived from rat bone marrow stromal cells [BMSC]
Methods: the BMSC were isolated from female Sprague-Dawley rats and evaluated for different markers, such as fibronectin, CD106, CD90, Oct-4 and CD45. Transdifferentiation of OLC from BMSC was obtained by exposing the BMSC to DMSO and 1 [micro]M all-trans-retinoic acid during the preinduction stage and then induced by heregulin [HRG], platelet-derived growth factor AA [PDGFR-alpha], fibroblast growth factor and T3. The neuroprogenitor cells [NPC] were evaluated for nestin, neurofilament 68, neurofilament 160 and glial fibrillary acidic protein gene expression using immunocytochemistry. The OLC were assessed by immunocytochemistry for O4, oligo2, O1 and MBP marker and gene expression of PDGFR-alpha was examined by RT-PCR
Results: our results showed that the fibronectin, CD106, CD90, CD45 and Oct-4 were expressed after the fourth passage. Also, the yield of OLC differentiation was about 71% when using the O1, O4 and oligo2 markers. Likewise, the expression of PDGFR-alpha in pre-oligodendrocytes was noticed, while MBP expression was detected in oligodendrocyte after 6 days of the induction
Conclusion: the conclusion of the study showed that BMSC can be induced to transdifferentiate into mature OLC. Iran. Biomed. J. 17 [2]: 62-70, 2013
ABSTRACT
Assertiveness is one of the social skills which are extensively applied in everyday interactions. It is also one of the factors associated with the human skill "to say no" against hazardous behaviors, including smoking, drug abuse, and sexual affairs. Assertiveness also takes an added emphasis regarding high schoolchildren due to such actualities as peer pressure and the adolescents' particular age conditions. This study was done to investigate the effect of teaching courageousness based on PRECEDE Model on high schoolchildren assertiveness in Gonabad. An experimental study was conducted across Gonabad high school sin the 2008-2009 curricular years. We applied multistage random cluster sampling to select 140 students [treatment group= 70, control group= 70] who were sitting in second grade of the high schools. Using a six-part questionnaire [proportional to PRECEDE model], we collected the data. After doing pre-test, educational intervention was performed in treatment group, based on the model. Post-test was conducted 8 weeks after the intervention. We used SPSS software to analyze the data. Prior to the intervention, knowledge, attitude, and assertiveness of the students was moderate while their saying no" skill was lower than the average. After the intervention, a significant increase [P<0.001] emerged in the mean score of the respondent's knowledge, attitude, skill, and assertiveness. In terms of sex, the male students showed higher level of assertiveness which was statistically significant. There were no significant associations in the other factors between the girls and the sons. The results showed that teaching courageousness based on PRECEDE model may positively effect on the students' knowledge, attitude, and assertiveness as well as the reinforcing and enabling factors. It seems the model could be employed alongside other methods to enhance high schoolchildren's assertiveness
ABSTRACT
To evaluate the effect of menopausal training for husbands on perceived social support by peri menopausal women. In this clinical trial, 102 women aged 45-60 years were randomly assigned in two groups in Gonabad, Iran. Demographic questionnaire and social support scale completed by all of the women and knowledge questionnaire completed by their husbands, then face to face education about menopause were scheduled for husbands in intervention group. One month later all of the women completed social support scale and their husbands completed knowledge questionnaire. The mean knowledge score of husbands in intervention group was higher after training [10.40 vs 7.35] and the difference was statistically significant [P<0.001]. Also, there was significant difference in mean of perceived social support by women before and after training sessions [10.95 vs 8.62, P=0.006]. Menopausal training for husbands increases perceived social support by menopausal women. It seems that training programs on menopause must be designed for husbands in order to enhance support in women