ABSTRACT
Objectives: New cognitive theories of delusions have proposed that deficit or bias in inference stage [a stage of normal belief formation] is significant in delusion formation
The aim of this study was predicting the severity of delusions based on jumping-to-conclusion bias in patients with schizophrenia
Methods: The sample consisted of 60 deluded patients with schizophrenia who were selected from the Ebnesina and Razi hospitals in Shiraz using convenience sampling method The Similarity Task was used to measure the jumping-to-conclusion biases
Results: Its results have shown that the jumping-to-conclusion biases could predict a great part of the variance of delusions
Discussion: These results generally indicated that the jumping to conclusion biases may provide a more useful explanation for the delusion formation
ABSTRACT
Introduction: X chromosome inactivation [XCI] is a process during which one of the two X chromosomes in female human is silenced leading to equal gene expression with males who have only one X chromosome. Here we have investigated XCI ratio in females with opioid addiction to see whether XCI skewness in women could be a risk factor for opioid addiction
Methods: 30 adult females meeting DSM IV criteria for opioid addiction and 30 control females with no known history of addiction were included in the study. Digested and undigested DNA samples which were extracted from blood were analyzed after amplification of the polymorphic androgen receptor [AR] gene located on the X chromosome. XCI skewness was studied in 3 ranges: 50: 50-64: 36 [random inactivation], 65: 35-80: 20 [moderately skewed] and >80: 20 [highly skewed]
Results: XCI from informative females in control group was 63% [N=19] random, 27% [N=8] moderately skewed and 10% [N=3] highly skewed. Addicted women showed 57%, 23% and 20%, respectively. The distribution and frequency of XCI status in women with opioid addiction was not significantly different from control group [P=0.55]
Discussion: Our data did not approve our hypothesis of increased XCI skewness among women with opioid addiction or unbalanced [non-random] expression of genes associated with X chromosome in female opioid addicted subjects