Comparative bio-efficacy of nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) and Spinosad against American bollwormm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner)

ABSTRACT American bollworm (ABW), Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner), is considered as a major pest of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum, all over the globe. Due to its destructive feeding nature and continuous consumption of the same chemicals, it devolved resistant against many insecticides. Therefore, a combined application of bio- and synthetic-pesticide need to evaluate against this pest. The entomopathogenic viruses like nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV), a member of baculoviruses, can be the potential candidates for better control against ABW. The present study was conducted to assess the comparative efficacy of NPV and Spinosad 240SC (with the concentration of 250 mL · ha-1) against ABW in the controlled environment. The ABW was treated with different concentrations of NPV and Spinosad separately and in a combination of NPV with 0.1% Spinosad. The results revealed that highest concentrations showed highest mortality (95%) followed by 95%, 92%, 84%, 82% and 78% mortality at 1 × 109, 1 × 108, 1 × 107, 1 × 106 and 1 × 105 POBs, respectively. Spinosad when mixed in diet give 100% mortality at 0.8% followed by 50.87%, 42.10%, 29.82%, 26.31% and 22.80% mortality at 0.4%, 0.2%, 0.1%, 0.5% and 0.025% respectively. The results of this study revealed that microbial control of ABW through NPV is an effective tool. The repeated use of synthetic pesticides caused the resurgence of many insect pests, and this study results would provide useful insight to build a framework for future investigations for the management of many major insect pests.

Comparison of immediate complete denture, tooth and implant-supported overdenture on vertical dimension and muscle activity

PURPOSE: To compare the changes in the occlusal vertical dimension, activity of masseter muscles and biting force after insertion of immediate denture constructed with conventional, tooth-supported and Implant-supported immediate mandibular complete denture. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients were selected and treatment was carried out with all the three different concepts i.e, immediate denture constructed with conventional (Group A), tooth-supported (Group B) and Implant-supported (Group C) immediate mandibular complete dentures. Parameters of evaluation and comparison were occlusal vertical dimension measured by radiograph (at three different time intervals), Masseter muscle electromyographic (EMG) measurement by EMG analysis (at three different positions of jaws) and bite force measured by force transducer (at two different time intervals). The obtained data were statistically analyzed by using ANOVA-F test at 5% level of significance. If the F test was significant, Least Significant Difference test was performed to test further significant differences between variables. RESULTS: Comparison between mean differences in occlusal vertical dimension for tested groups showed that it was only statistically significant at 1 year after immediate dentures insertion. Comparison between mean differences in wavelet packet coefficients of the electromyographic signals of masseter muscles for tested groups was not significant at rest position, but significant at initial contact position and maximum voluntary clench position. Comparison between mean differences in maximum biting force for tested groups was not statistically significant at 5% level of significance. CONCLUSION: Immediate complete overdentures whether tooth or implant supported prosthesis is recommended than totally mucosal supported prosthesis.

Study of the efficacy and beneficially of the "zero" dose of poliomyelitis vaccine

It is well agreed that vaccination is the only effective method of preventing, and possibly eradicating poliomyelitis. Although poliomyelitis only rarely occurs in the first six months of life, some countries including Egypt started administering of a so called "zero " dose of poliomyelitis vaccine in the first 1-7 days from birth. In this study, we tried to evaluate the efficacy and beneficially of this "zero" dose of Oral Polio vaccine [OPV] in a cohort of 51 healthy full-term normal newborn Egyptian babies, 30 took the zero dose ,the zero dose "group, and 21 did not, the control group. Serum samples were collected from all babies as follows: [a] from the cord blood, the" zero sample", [b] at the age of 30 days "to test the efficacy of the zero dose", and [c] a third blood sample, 30 days after the first dose of regular OPV; at the age of three months. Antipoliomyelitis antibody titers were estimated by the micro neutralization system against the three serotypes of poliovirus [PI, PII, and PIII]. Statistical analysis of the results revealed that he mean cord blood antipoliomyelitis antibody titer for both groups taken together was highest for PI [210.85], appreciably high for PII [164.88] and comparatively low for Plll [30.05], the levels were generally lower in the "zero dose" group for the three polioviruses than in the control group, possibly due to locality differences. At the age of one month, there was an antibody rise in the "zero dose “group, and a drop in the "control group". However, in spite of the drop in the control group antibody titer, it was still well above the reported protective level. We did not compare the absolute values of antibody titers in both groups at the 2nd and 3rd blood samples because of the difference in the start cord blood antibody levels, therefore, we compared the increment/decrement values, particularly the increment in the 3rd month samples in the control group with the increment in the first month in the zero dose group as these represent the primary response to the "first" dose of OPV. The increments for the primary response of the OPV were higher in the control group than in the zero dose group for PI, PII, and PIII

Conclusions: the fact that all antibody titers in the control group in all samples were above the protective level, and the findings that the increment of antibody titer for the primary OPV in the control group was higher than that of the zero dose group raises a question mark at the beneficially of the zero dose of OPV in Egyptian infants, particularly from the cost-effect point of view

Primary leiomyosarcoma of the mandibular alveolus - a rare entity

The primary Leiomyosarcoma of the mandibular soft tissue is an extremely rare tumour. A review of literature since 1908 shows only 6 reported cases. We are reporting another case of primary Leiomyosarcoma of the oral cavity in a child 6 years of age, who presented with a painless swelling in the oral cavity involving the left lower alveolus. The diagnosis was established by histopathology and immunohistochemical studies. The patients was treated surgically by wide excision and clearance of the primary site, i.e. segmental mandibulectomy, along suprahyoid neck dissection